Tetrapleurodon spadiceus (Bean, 1887)
Mexican lamprey
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> Petromyzontiformes (Lampreys) > Petromyzontidae (Northern lampreys) > Lampetrinae
Etymology: Tetrapleurodon: tetra (Gr.) four; pleura, (Gr.) side, odon (Gr.), tooth. i.e., lateral teeth, referring to four enlarged teeth on each side of mouth of T. spadiceus (See ETYFish); spadiceus: Latin for light- or nut-brown, referring to its color (See ETYFish).
More on author: Bean.
Etymology: Tetrapleurodon: tetra (Gr.) four; pleura, (Gr.) side, odon (Gr.), tooth. i.e., lateral teeth, referring to four enlarged teeth on each side of mouth of T. spadiceus (See ETYFish); spadiceus: Latin for light- or nut-brown, referring to its color (See ETYFish).
More on author: Bean.
環境：環境 / 気候帯 / 深さの範囲 / 分布範囲 生態学
; 新鮮な水 底生の; potamodromous (Ref. 126106). Tropical; 21°N - 19°N
分布 領土 | 国連食糧農業機関の区域 | エコシステム | 事件 | 目的のマップ | 導入 | Faunafri
North America: Celio, Duero and Lerma rivers and Lake Chapala, Mexico.
サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
簡単な記述 検索表 | 形態学 | 形態計測学
Adults: 18-31 cm TL. Body wet weight of individuals measuring 18.7-22.5 cm TL, 21.3-26.3 g. Body proportions, as percentage of TL [based on 54 specimens, TL range inferred to be roughly 18-31 cm TL, Álvarez del Villar (1966)]: prebranchial length, 10.9-15.7; branchial length, 8.2-13.6; trunk length, 41.0-50.3; tail length, 27.2-34.3. Trunk myomeres, 60-65. Dentition: supraoral lamina, 2 unicuspid teeth, but 20% of individuals had 1-2 additional unicuspid teeth on the bridge; infraoral lamina, 5-9 unicuspid teeth, of which 4-5 are large and 0-4 are small (84% of specimens possess both large and small cusps); 4 endolaterals on each side, exceptionally 3 or 5; endolateral formula, typically 2-2-2-2, rarely, one of the teeth is tricuspid; 3 rows of anterials; first row of anterials, 6 unicuspid teeth; 1 row of exolaterals; 1 rows of posterials; first row of posterials, 21 unicuspid teeth; transverse lingual lamina weakly u-shaped, 17-22 unicuspid teeth, the median one or two unicuspid teeth slightly enlarged; longitudinal lingual laminae parentheses-shaped, each with 24-25 unicuspid teeth. Velar tentacles, 19-21, with tubercles; the dorsal wings are long, reaching the median tentacle. Lateral line neuromasts unpigmented. Caudal fin pigmentation, 75% or more. Caudal fin shape, spade-like. Oral fimbriae, 109-136. Oral papillae, 13-27.
Body shape (shape guide): eel-like.
Body shape (shape guide): eel-like.
Freshwater (Ref. 89241). Found in streams, rivers, and lakes over substrates of firm mud, silt, and rock (Ref. 57533). Spawning habitat is a fast-flowing, clear-water stream with a stony substrate. Eggs hatch between the months of November and January and ammocoetes undergo metamorphosis at the end of three years (Ref. 89241). Ammocoete larval stage duration also cited as four years (Ref. 57533). Ammocoetes live in the mud and feed on plankton (algae of the genera Rhizosolenia, Pleurosigma, Pinularia, Stauroneis, Amphora, and Cocconema, filamentous Chlorophyceae, rotifers, ciliates, and occasionally euglenoid flagellates). The mean total length reached at the end of the first year of larval life is 83 mm; at the end of two years, 135 mm; and at the end of three years, 146 mm. During the rainy season (July) of their first year, ammocoetes exhibit a shrinkage in their total length. Metamorphosis occurs in April-August (Ref. 89241). Parasitic (Ref. 57533). Following metamorphosis, adults migrate to Lake Chapala or the Duero River (Lerma River Basin) where they live as ectoparasites of fishes (carp and catfish) for two years. The diet appears to be predominantly blood. A large number of scales of Moxostoma austrinum and either of Algansea popoche, Yuriria alta, or Y. chapalae, as well as possibly Chirostoma sp. has been found mixed with blood in the intestine of adults. Attacks on the small cyprinids and the atherinopsid almost certainly resulted in their death. Around late June, early July they begin to migrate upstream to the spawning grounds in the upper reaches of the Celio River and die after spawning. Nine individuals in spawning readiness were collected on 19 November (water temperature was about 20°C). Fecundity, 6,617-9,095 eggs/female. Egg diameter, 0.7-0.8 mm. Is presumed to kill a certain number of commercial fish species (Algansea popoche and Chirostoma sp.) in Lake Chapala (Ref. 89241).
ライフサイクルと交尾行動 成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
主な参考文献
参考文献のアップロード | 参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者
Hardisty, M.W., 1986. A general introduction to lampreys. p. 19-84. In J. Holcík (ed.) The Freshwater fishes of Europe. Vol. 1, Part 1. Petromyzontiformes. AULA-Verlag GmbH, Wiesbaden. 313 p. (Ref. 12268)
IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
絶滅寸前の危機的状況 (CR) (D); Date assessed: 04 December 2018
CITES
Not Evaluated
人間に対する脅威
Harmless
人間の用途
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |
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モデルに基づく推定値
系統多様性指数 (参照 82804): PD50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00132 (0.00060 - 0.00290), b=2.99 (2.80 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).
栄養段階 (参照 69278): 4.2 ±0.73 se; based on food items.
回復力 (参照 120179): 低い, ４．５年～１４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (Semelparous species, assuming tm (= tmax) > 4).