Sardinops sagax, South American pilchard : fisheries, bait

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Sardinops sagax (Jenyns, 1842)

South American pilchard
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Sardinops sagax   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Sardinops sagax
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分類 / Names 共通名の | 類義語 | Catalog of Fishes(部類, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Sardinops: Latin and Greek, sarda = sardine; name related to the island of Sardinia + Greek, ops = appearance (Ref. 45335);  sagax: From the latin word 'sagax' which means of quick perception, acute, or alert (Ref. 6885).
More on author: Jenyns.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態学

; 海洋回遊性 (Ref. 51243); 深さの範囲 0 - 200 m (Ref. 188). Subtropical; 9°C - 21°C (Ref. 6390); 61°N - 47°S, 145°W - 180°E (Ref. 36641)

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Indo-Pacific: southern Africa to eastern Pacific (Ref. 27267). Three lineages were confirmed through cluster and parsimony analyses of haplotypic divergences: southern Africa (ocellatus) and Australia (neopilchardus); Chile (sagax) and California (caeruleus); and, Japan (melanostictus) (Ref. 36641).

Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢

Maturity: Lm 9.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 39.5 cm SL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 9291); common length : 20.0 cm SL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 188); 最大公表体重: 486.00 g (Ref. 6885); 最大記録サイズ: 25 年 (Ref. 188)

簡単な記述 形態学 | 形態計測学

背面の脊椎 (合計): 0; 背鰭 (合計): 13-21; 肛門の骨 0; 臀鰭: 12 - 23; 脊つい: 48 - 54. Body cylindrical and elongate; ventral part of operculum with clear cut bony striae radiating downwards; belly rounded with ventral scutes; back blue green; flanks white, with 1 to 3 series of dark spots along the middle (Ref. 55763). The radiating bony striae on the operculum distinguish this species from all other clupeids in the area. The radiating bony striae on the operculum distinguish this fish from all other clupeids in the area. In New Zealand the species appears to grow larger (21.3 cm standard length; cf. 19.7 cm), has slightly larger eggs and a higher mean number of vertebrae (50.52; cf. 49 to 50.08 in various samples) (Ref. 859).

生物学     用語集 (例 epibenthic)

Neritic (Ref. 11230). A coastal species that forms large schools (Ref. 188). Occur at temperatures ranging from 16° to 23°C in summer and from 10° to 18°C in winter. Feed mainly on planktonic crustaceans. Young fish feed on zooplankton such as copepod and adults on phytoplankton (Ref. 39882). Oviparous, with pelagic eggs, and pelagic larvae (Ref. 265). Possibly can live up to 25 years (Ref. 265). In the California region, pilchards make northward migrations early in summer and travel back south again in autumn. With each year of life, the migration becomes farther (Ref. 6885). Marketed fresh, frozen or canned. Utilized mainly for fish meal; but also eaten fried and broiled (Ref. 9988). Main source of landing: NE Pacific: Mexico (Ref. 4931).

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | | 生産力 | 幼生

Oviparous (Ref. 265). In the Gulf of California, some individuals spawn in their first year, but most in their second (Ref. 188). In Australia (as S. neopilchardus), this species breeds in spring and summer in southern part of range, and in summer and autumn in northern part, apparently related to seasonal movement of the limiting 14°C and 21°C isotherms, then autumn to early spring (Ref. 6390). It was believed that individual Australian pilchards only spawn once or twice in a season (Ref. 26422, 26424), but research on related species suggests that they may spawn a number of times (Ref. 6882). Batch fecundities range from about 10,000 eggs in 13 cm long females to about 45,000 eggs in females of about 18 cm (Ref. 26420).

主な参考文献 Upload your references | 参考文献 | コーディネーター | 協力者

Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)

IUCNのレッドリストの状況は (Ref. 130435)

  軽度懸念 (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 July 2018

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

人間に対する脅威

  Harmless





Human uses

水産業: 高い商業の; 餌: usually
FAO - 水産業: landings, 種の外形; Publication: search | FishSource | 私達の周りの海

用具

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インターネットの情報源

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: 部類, | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - 水産業: landings, 種の外形; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: ゲノム, ヌクレオチド | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | 国のデーターベース | OceanAdapt | OsteoBase: skull, spine | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | 公共の水族館 | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | 生命の木 | Wikipedia: 行く, 検索する | World Records Freshwater Fishing | 動物に関する記録

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 9.5 - 25.2, mean 17.9 °C (based on 938 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00715 - 0.01061), b=3.07 (3.02 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
栄養段階 (Ref. 69278):  2.8   ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  手段, 1.4年~4.4年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.45; tm=2; tmax=13-25; Fec=10,000).
Prior r = 0.55, 95% CL = 0.36 - 0.82, Based on 10 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Low vulnerability (16 of 100).
価格帯 (Ref. 80766):   Low.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 185 [49, 457] mg/100g; Iron = 2.12 [0.69, 5.66] mg/100g; Protein = 20.5 [17.9, 22.6] %; Omega3 = 0.762 [0.385, 1.536] g/100g; Selenium = 43.3 [13.0, 137.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.8 [2.9, 62.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.85 [0.57, 3.60] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.