Environment: milieu / climate zone / ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ / distribution range					
						ນິເວດວິທະຍາ					
				
				
				
					ສັດທະເລ ອາໄສຢູ່ໃກ້ໜ້າດິນໃຕ້ພື້ນທ້ອງນ້ຳ;  ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 9 - 547 m (Ref. 27437), usually 183 - ? m (Ref. 6885). Subtropical; 61°N -   27°N, 145°W -   113°W				
				 
			
			
			
				
				
				
					Eastern Pacific:  Yakutat Bay, Alaska to Rompiente Point, Baja California, Mexico.
				
				
			
			
				
					Length at first maturity / ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
				
				
				
					ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ: Lm 17.0, range 17 - ? cm
 Max length : 38.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 5483); ອາຍຸສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍລາຍງານມາ: 38 ປີ (Ref. 39277)				
				 
			
			
						
				
					Short description					
					ຕົວທີ່ໃຊ້ໃນການຈຳແນກຊະນິດ | ສະລີລະວິທະຍາ | ການວັດແທກຮູບຮ່າງລັກສະນະພາຍນອກຂອງດິນ,ສັດ,ປາ…					
				
				
				
					ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ) : 13; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 12 - 14; ຄີ(ໜາມ) ແຂງຢູ່ຄີກົ້ນປາ
ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກແຂງ
ຄວາມຖີ່ຂອງກຸ່ມຖ່າຍທອດພັນ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລແລະໄປໄຂ່ຢູ່ນ້ຳຈືດ
ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ
ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫັຼງ
ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ: 3; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 5 - 8. Head spines strong to moderate - nasal, preocular, postocular, tympanic and parietal spines present, nuchals usually absent, supraocular and coronal spines absent (Ref. 27437).  Eye large; 2 strong, sharp, hooked spines on lower margin of suborbital bone; 2nd anal fin spine longer than 3rd in depressed fin (Ref. 27437).  Caudal fin moderately indented (Ref. 6885).  Pinkish red to yellowish red, silvery ventrally; dusky saddles on back, may be vague; green streaks on caudal fin (Ref. 27437).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.				
				 
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Mostly found in offshore water on soft bottoms (Ref. 2850).  Ovoviviparous (Ref. 6885).  Anterolateral glandular grooves with venom gland (Ref. 57406).  Commonly caught with trawls but usually discarded because of its small size (Ref. 2850).  Rarely taken on baited hook in deep water (Ref. 2850).			
			 
			
			
			
				
				
				
				Ovoviviparous (Ref. 6885).				
				 
			
			 
				
				
				
					Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
				
				 
			
			
			
							
					
						IUCN Red List Status   (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
				 
					
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Human uses  				
				
				
					ການປະມົງ: ເປັນສີນຄ້າ; ຊະນິດປາທີ່ຖືກນຳໃຊ້ເຂົ້າໃນການຫາເພື່ອເປັນເກມກິລາ: ແມ່ນ				
				
				
			
			
						
			
			
			
				
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					ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
				
				
			
			
			
				
					Estimates based on models				
				
				
				Preferred temperature (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ 
123201): 5.9 - 8.3, mean 6.5 °C (based on 19 cells).
				
				
					
					Phylogenetic diversity index  (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ 
82804):  PD
50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].					
													Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00495 - 0.02022), b=3.09 (2.92 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref. 
93245).
					
					ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ  (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ 
69278):  3.7   ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives					
											
				
				
										
						ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ  (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ 
120179):  ຕຳ່, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 4.5 - 14 ປີ (K=0.06; tm=4; tmax=38; Fec=15,000).					
											
				
									
					Fishing Vulnerability  (Ref. 
59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100). 
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