Ελασμοβράγχιοι (καρχαρίες και σαλάχια) (sharks and rays) >
Squatiniformes (Angel sharks) >
Squatinidae (Angel sharks)
Etymology: Squatina: Latin for skate, which angel sharks superficially resemble, presumably tautonymous with Squalus squatina Linnaeus 1758 (no species mentioned) (See ETYFish); californica: -ica (L.), belonging to: California (USA), referring to type locality in San Francisco Bay (See ETYFish).
More on author: Ayres.
Issue
It is sympatric with S. armata.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / εύρος βάθους / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) βενθικό(ς); εύρος βάθους 3 - 205 m (Ref. 9253), usually 3 - 46 m (Ref. 54903). Subtropical; 52°N - 7°N, 130°W - 77°W
Eastern Pacific: Canada to Gulf of California, south to Panama.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm 97.0, range 86 - 108 cm
Max length : 152 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 247); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 35 έτη (Ref. 6147)
Short description
Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 0; Εδρικές άκανθες: 0.
Body shape (shape guide): other.
Found on the continental shelf and littoral areas (Ref. 247).A sluggish and inactive species that buries itself in sand or mud (Ref. 247). Also found around rocks, heads of submarine canyons, and sometimes near kelp forests (Ref. 247). Feeds on bottom and epibenthic fishes, including croakers, California halibut, and squid (Ref. 247). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Can whip up its head and snap very quickly when touched, provoked, harassed, or speared, and can inflict painful lacerations (Ref. 247).
Ovoviviparous, embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449).
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Human uses
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά)
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Αναφ.
123201): 12.5 - 25.9, mean 21 °C (based on 60 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Αναφ.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00295 - 0.01551), b=3.07 (2.88 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Αναφ.
69278): 4.1 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Αναφ.
120179): Πολύ χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού > 14 έτη (K=0.15-0.16; tm=8-13; tmax=35; Fec=6).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.5 [3.6, 86.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.795 [0.206, 2.275] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [17.8, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 0.363 [0.162, 0.801] g/100g; Selenium = 26.5 [7.5, 76.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.99 [3.53, 27.74] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.421 [0.203, 0.760] mg/100g (wet weight);
