Epinephelus merra Bloch, 1793
Honeycomb grouper
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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Epinephelus merra AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
分类 / 名称 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei > Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.
环境：氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围 生态学
海洋 礁区鱼类; 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 9710), usually ? - 20 m (Ref. 5222). 熱帶; 35°N - 35°S, 28°E - 129°W (Ref. 5222)
分布 领土 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | 分布图 | 简介 | Faunafri
Indo-Pacific: South Africa to French Polynesia. Not known from the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, nor Asian mainland.
印度-太平洋: 南非至法屬玻里尼西亞。 已知不來自紅海，波斯灣也不亞洲大陸。
印度-太平洋: 南非至法屬玻里尼西亞。 已知不來自紅海，波斯灣也不亞洲大陸。
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm 11.0, range 19 - ? cm
Max length : 36.5 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 125599); 最大体重: 1.0 kg (Ref. 125599)
Max length : 36.5 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 125599); 最大体重: 1.0 kg (Ref. 125599)
简单描述 检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图
背棘 (总数) : 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 15 - 17; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: greatest body depth 2.8-3.3 in SL; head length 2.3-2.6 in SL; preopercle rounded or subangular, the serrae at angle enlarged; upper edge of operculum almost straight; midlateral part of lower jaw with 2-4 rows of teeth, the inner teeth about twice length of outer ones; gill rakers of first gill arch 6-9 + 14-17; dorsal fin spines third to last subequal, the longest 2.4-3.2 in HL; anal fin spines second and third subequal, 2.1-3.0 in HL and longer than depth of peduncle; caudal fin rounded, peduncle depth 3.2-4.1 in HL; pectoral-fin rays 16-18; lateral-line scales 48-54, in series 98-114. Head, body, and fins pale, are covered with close-set (sometimes coalesced), dark brown or reddish brown spots, the interspaces forming an irregular pale reticulum; pectoral fins are covered with distinct small black spots, largely confined to the rays (the best diagnostic colour character of this species) (Ref. 39231, 89707, 90102).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
一系列的大约五条比较深色的斜条纹 , 每个二到五个六角形宽的, 在侧边上重叠了而且从眼放射; 在侧边上的六角形可能合并成短的列。 (参考文献 37816)
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
一系列的大约五条比较深色的斜条纹 , 每个二到五个六角形宽的, 在侧边上重叠了而且从眼放射; 在侧边上的六角形可能合并成短的列。 (参考文献 37816)
A solitary fish, in coastal and offshore reefs usually in less than 20 m depth (Ref. 90102); also very common in shallow lagoon and semi-protected seaward reefs. Juveniles are common in thickets of staghorn Acropora corals. Feed on crustaceans and fishes. Increase of piscivory with age is observed in this species. Neither opercular spine nor anterolateral glandular grooves with venom gland is present (Ref. 57406). Current information in the table (dangerous fish) do not match; needs verification. Cultured under experimental conditions in the Philippines (Ref. 4757). In the Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). It is important to artisanal fisheries because of its abundance in shallow water and caught with handlines, fish traps, and spear (Ref. 39231).
非常常见于舄湖浅滩与半遮蔽的临海礁石。 稚鱼常见于鹿角 Acropora 珊瑚的丛。 吃甲壳动物和鱼类。 食鱼的食性随着年龄而增加在这种方面被观察。 在菲律宾在实验的情况养殖。 (参考文献 4757) 在香港活鱼贩卖。 (参考文献 27253) 没有一根鳃盖棘也不前外侧的腺凹槽用毒液腺存在.(参考文献 57406) 在表格 (危险的鱼) 的目前的讯息不相配; 需要确认。
非常常见于舄湖浅滩与半遮蔽的临海礁石。 稚鱼常见于鹿角 Acropora 珊瑚的丛。 吃甲壳动物和鱼类。 食鱼的食性随着年龄而增加在这种方面被观察。 在菲律宾在实验的情况养殖。 (参考文献 4757) 在香港活鱼贩卖。 (参考文献 27253) 没有一根鳃盖棘也不前外侧的腺凹槽用毒液腺存在.(参考文献 57406) 在表格 (危险的鱼) 的目前的讯息不相配; 需要确认。
生命周期和交配行为 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
印度-太平洋: 南非至法屬玻里尼西亞。 已知不來自紅海，波斯灣也不亞洲大陸。
主要参考文献
上传您的参考资料 | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
CITES
Not Evaluated
对人类的威胁
有雪卡鱼毒中毒的报导 (Ref. 30298)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
FAO - 渔业: 着陆; Publication: search | FishSource | 周边海洋
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基于模型的估算
首选温度 (参考文献 123201): 24.6 - 29, mean 27.8 °C (based on 760 cells).
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献 82804): PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.01040 - 0.01327), b=3.05 (3.03 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献 69278): 3.8 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回复力 (参考文献 120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (K=0.3-0.6).
营养素 (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 48.4 [23.5, 101.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.721 [0.369, 1.518] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.9, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.132 [0.080, 0.213] g/100g; Selenium = 32.9 [17.0, 64.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 254 [64, 968] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.37 [0.91, 2.01] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.