Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut; payau dasar (demersal); anadromus (ruaya dari laut ke air tawar) (Ref. 126106); kisaran kedalaman 0 - 100 m (Ref. 115829), usually 0 - 30 m (Ref. 5217). Subtropical; 11°C - 31°C (Ref. 47167); 40°N - 34°S, 117°W - 34°W
Eastern Central Pacific: Baja California to Peru (Ref. 9330); Northwestern Central Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Chesapeake Bay, USA to the Antilles and southern Brazil.
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 8.5, range 8 - ? cm
Max length : 22.4 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 131022); common length : 15.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5217); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 117.40 g (Ref. 131022); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 1.21 Tahun (Ref. 47359)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 0; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 73 - 87; Duri dubur: 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 57 - 68.
Body shape (shape guide): other (see remarks).
Adults inhabit sandy and muddy bottoms (Ref. 9330). Common in estuaries (Ref. 9330). They feed on big, benthic invertebrates and small fishes (Ref. 9330). Utilized fresh (Ref. 9330).
Oviparous (Ref. 101737). Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Females produce numerous eggs in multiple spawnings during a prolonged spawning period (Ref. 101737).
Figueiredo, J.L. and N.A. Menezes, 2000. Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. VI.Teleostei (5). Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo. Brazil. 116 p. (Ref. 36453)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Suhu yang disukai (Acuan
123201): 21.1 - 28, mean 25.7 °C (based on 862 cells).
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00685 - 0.01057), b=3.08 (3.01 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan
69278): 3.5 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (tmax=1.2; K >0.3).
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (11 of 100).
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Nutrisi (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 191 [89, 438] mg/100g; Iron = 1.64 [0.75, 3.24] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.6, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.244 [0.120, 0.523] g/100g; Selenium = 36.6 [16.0, 86.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 4.61 [1.15, 21.44] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.06 [0.66, 1.63] mg/100g (wet weight);