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Teleostei >
Cypriniformes (Carps) >
Acheilognathidae (Bitterlings)
Etymology: Acheilognathus: Greek, a = without + Greek, cheilos = lip + Greek, gnathos = jaw (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Jordan & Thompson.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 深度上下限 ? - 40 m (Ref. 78070). 溫帶; 10°C - 25°C (Ref. 13614)
Asia: Japan. Five subspecies were recognized: Acheilognathus tabira erythropterus Pacific Ocean side of eastern Honshu (Miyagi, Tochigi, Ibaraki, Chiba Prefectures and Tokyo Metropolis); Acheilognathus tabira jordani in Japan Sea side of western Honshu (Toyama, Ishikawa, Fukui, Tottori and Shimane Prefectures); Acheilognathus tabira nakamurae in Kyushu area; Acheilognathus tabira tabira in Western Honshu; and Acheilognathus tabira tohokuensis in Japan Sea side of eastern Honshu (Akita, Yamagata, Fukushima in western area and Niigata Prefectures).
亞洲: 長江流域 (參考文獻 33793) 與日本.(參考文獻 559)
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 7.9 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 78070)
背的軟條 (總數) : 11 - 14; 臀鰭軟條: 11 - 13; 脊椎骨: 35 - 38. Can be diagnosed by having the following characters: dorsal fin with iii, 9-11 rays; anal fin with iii, 9-10 rays; dorsal fin in males grayish; anal fin in nuptial males white; absence of black blotch on dorsal fin in juveniles; eggs short ellipsoid, ratio of major axis to minor axis, 1.4-1.7 (Ref. 78070).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Inhabits rivers, creeks, lakes and ponds in plains. Also occurs in mouths of rivers draining into lagoons, in rocky shores of rivers and irrigation creeks, and in floodplain pools. Deposits its eggs into host mussels (Ref. 78070).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Female has an ovipositor which is used to deposit eggs inside bivalves. Young remain in the bivalve until they can swim (Ref. 43281).亞洲: 長江流域 (參考文獻 33793) 與日本.(參考文獻 559)
Doi, A., R. Arai and H.-Z. Liu, 1999. Acheilognathus macromandibularis, a new bitterling (Cyprinidae) from the lower Changjiang basin, China. Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwat. 10(4):303-308. (Ref. 39330)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
近危 (NT) (B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)); Date assessed: 08 December 2017
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00505 - 0.02383), b=3.10 (2.93 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 2.2 ±0.1 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming Fec < 10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
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