Environment: milieu / climate zone / rango de profundidad / distribution range
Ecología
marino demersal; rango de profundidad 1 - 100 m (Ref. 96339). Tropical; 32°N - 7°S, 115°W - 78°W (Ref. 114953)
Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to northern Peru.
Tamaño / Peso / Age
Madurez: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 119 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 111131)
Found in shallow water on sandy bottoms, sometimes adjacent to reefs (Ref. 12951). Found buried in the sand during the day (Ref. 12951). Moves into shallow bays at night to feed; prefers polychaete worms, but may take sea squirts (Ref. 12951). Produces litters of up to 15 pups. Maturity size of males at ca. 36 cm TL; birth size at ca. 11 cm TL (Ref. 114953).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Madurez | Reproducción | Puesta | Huevos | Fecundidad | Larva
McEachran, J.D., 1995. Narcinidae. Rayas eléctricas. p. 769-771. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9259)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Human uses
Herramientas
Special reports
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Fuentes de Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Referencia
123201): 18.5 - 28.9, mean 25.8 °C (based on 82 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Referencia
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00719 - 0.02203), b=2.90 (2.74 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Referencia
69278): 3.0 ±0.18 se; based on food items.
Resiliencia (Referencia
120179): Bajo, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 4.5-14 años (Assuming fecundity<100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100).
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