分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 5 - 73 m (Ref. 11295), usually 15 - 40 m (Ref. 11295). 熱帶; 6°N - 3°S, 93°W - 85°W (Ref. 5222)
Eastern Pacific: Isla del Coco off Costa Rica and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Reports from Panama and Peru have been discounted (Ref. 6873).
東太平洋: Isla del 椰子樹外海的哥斯大黎加與加拉巴哥群島 (厄瓜多). 來自巴拿馬與祕魯的報告曾經打折。 (參考文獻 6873)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 65.3 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5222)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 16 - 17; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 11. Distinguished by the following characteristics: dark to olive-brown body color with purplish and lighter brown spots, or plain dark brown; xanthic morph is bright yellow all over; depth of body contained 2.9-3.2 times in SL; head length 2.6-2.9 times in SL; slightly convex interorbital area; angular preopercle, with serrate lobe at angle; posterior nostrils of adults much larger than anterior ones (Ref. 89707).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Found among rock walls, underwater lava ridges, and all kinds of well structured vertical rock formations (Ref. 11295). Juveniles found in shallow sandy lagoons (Ref. 5222), also in seagrass beds, mangrove lagoons, shallow lava reefs and inland lava ponds (Ref. 11295). Adults are mainly piscivorous, prey size increasing with predator size (Ref. 11295).
發現於岩石牆壁，在水中的熔岩脊中了, 與各種的很好地構成垂直的岩石結構.(參考文獻 11295) 稚魚發現於水淺的沙地潟湖 (參考文獻 5222)了, 也在海草床，紅樹林潟湖, 淺灘熔岩礁與內陸的熔岩池塘中.(參考文獻 11295) 成魚主要是以魚為食的, 獵物的大小隨著掠食者大小增加.(參考文獻 11295)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
東太平洋: Isla del 椰子樹外海的哥斯大黎加與加拉巴哥群島 (厄瓜多). 來自巴拿馬與祕魯的報告曾經打折。 (參考文獻 6873)
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
瀕危 (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 15 September 2022
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
工具
特別的報告
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網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (參考文獻
123201): 14.5 - 23.7, mean 19.3 °C (based on 4 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00603 (0.00367 - 0.00990), b=3.02 (2.88 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.18; tm=3; tmax=7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (61 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 63.5 [28.2, 126.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.861 [0.465, 1.708] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.3, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.219 [0.129, 0.372] g/100g; Selenium = 66.8 [33.8, 142.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.4 [7.5, 81.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.666 [0.455, 0.982] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
