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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts) > Plectorhinchinae
Etymology: Plectorhinchus: Greek, plektos = plaited + Greek, rhyngchos = snout (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / εύρος βάθους / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) Υφαλόφιλο(α); εύρος βάθους 1 - 50 m (Ref. 9710). Tropical
Western Pacific: from Ryukyu Islands to Ogasawara Islands to the Great Barrier Reef and New Caledonia.
Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 72.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 9710)
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 12 - 13; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 18 - 20; Εδρικές άκανθες: 3; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 7 - 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: chin with 6 pores, no median pit; gill rakers on first gill arch 7-11 + 1 + 17-19 = 26-30; D XIII,18-20, 3rd to 5th spines longest; lips fleshy, moderately swollen with age; scales ctenoid (rough to touch); lateral line tubed scales about 54-58; body depth 2.6-2.9 in SL; caudal fin slightly rounded in juveniles, truncate in adults. Colour of juveniles with few horizontal to slightly oblique dark brown bands which subdivide with age until the body appears to be dark chocolate brown above, with a network of fine white lines running up and back, the broad brown bars breaking up into smaller and smaller spots on lower sides; belly white; lips and fins bright yellow, anal and caudal fins dotted with black; pectoral fins with a splash of bright crimson or scarlet red at the base (Ref. 47695, 90102).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Found in deep inner to outer reef habitats (Ref. 48635). Occurs singly or in aggregations along coral slopes of clear lagoon and seaward reefs. Juveniles solitary on shallow protected reefs (Ref. 48635). Generally nocturnal, feeding on benthic invertebrates in open sand flats and seagrass beds at night and conspicuously rests during the day (Ref. 9710, 90102). At Palau, it aggregates to spawn around new moon (Ref. 37816). Taken by handline and spear. Marketed fresh, a small quantity is salted (Ref. 47695). Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
Conlu, P.V., 1986. Guide to Philippine flora and fauna. Fishes. Volume IX. Natural Resources Management Center, Quezon City. 495 p. (Ref. 2858)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: περιορισμένης εμπορικότητας; Ενυδρείο: Εμπορικό(ά)
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Αναφ.
123201): 24.4 - 29.3, mean 28.4 °C (based on 3196 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Αναφ.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00748 - 0.01845), b=3.01 (2.88 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Αναφ.
69278): 3.9 ±0.59 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Αναφ.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (K=0.3;).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30.2 [10.9, 56.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.515 [0.274, 0.968] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [17.8, 21.5] %; Omega3 = 0.125 [0.070, 0.204] g/100g; Selenium = 34.1 [20.8, 58.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 55.5 [23.3, 131.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.892 [0.623, 1.361] mg/100g (wet weight);
