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Mulliformes (Goatfishes) >
Mullidae (Goatfishes)
Etymology: Parupeneus: Latin, parum, parvum = small + Peneus, the name of a river.
More on author: Bleeker.
Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut; payau berasosiasi dengan karang; kisaran kedalaman 10 - 80 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 30°N - 50°S
Western Pacific: Japan to Western Australia, New Caledonia and northern New Zealand. Recently reported from Tonga (Ref. 53797).
Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9002)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 8; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 9; Duri dubur: 1; Sirip dubur lunak: 7.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Inhabits coastal reefs and estuaries (Ref. 9002); in Indonesia mainly found on deep reefs adjacent to strong currents (Ref. 90102). Juveniles found in small schools; adults singly or in small aggregations (Ref. 9002, 48636). May also be solitary. It is rare in the East Indian region, and found only in cool areas of upwelling; but is common in subtropical latitudes (Ref. 90102).
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: komersial; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Suhu yang disukai (Acuan
123201): 18 - 28.7, mean 27.2 °C (based on 446 cells).
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.00756 - 0.02096), b=3.04 (2.90 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan
69278): 3.5 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
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Nutrisi (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 25.9 [12.6, 57.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.268 [0.134, 0.621] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [14.8, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.13 [0.07, 0.25] g/100g; Selenium = 55.7 [26.1, 153.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 164 [29, 748] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.573 [0.339, 1.075] mg/100g (wet weight);