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> Perciformes/Percoidei (Perchs) > Percidae (Perches) > Percinae
Etymology: Gymnocephalus: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, kephale = head (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

; स्वच्छ जल, अलवण जल ड़िमरसल; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 10 - 15. Temperate; 4°C - 18°C (Ref. 2059); 49°N - 43°N, 8°E - 30°E

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Europe: Danube drainage.

Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age

परिपक्व अवधि: L_m 14.0, range 12 - 16 cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 556); common length : 15.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 556); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 250.00 g (Ref. 556); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 15 वर्षो (Ref. 59043)

Short description पहचान कुंजी | आकृति विज्ञान | मौरफोमैटरिक्स

पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 17 - 19. Distinguished from its congeners by having unique characters of 3 discontinuous dark stripes along flank and 55-62 + 4-5 scales along lateral line. Differs further from other species of the genus by having 17-19 dorsal spines (Ref. 59043).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.

Adults occur in groups in open sand and mud bottom of large rivers with moderate current. Nocturnal, feeding on small invertebrates, especially molluscs, usually crepuscular but may also feed at daytime. Larvae are benthic (Ref. 59043).

Life cycle and mating behavior परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | अंडे | Fecundity | लार्वा

Eggs are attached to stones by females (Ref. 59043).

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक | सहयोगीयो

Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 14 February 2023

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: कोई रुचि बग़ैर; आखेट मत्स्य: हां; ठहराव / प्रलोभन: usually

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (संदर्भ 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00465 - 0.02359), b=3.05 (2.86 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (संदर्भ 69278): 3.4 ±0.43 se; based on food items.

Generation time: 5.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.

लौटाव (संदर्भ 120179): निम्न, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 4.5 - 14 वर्ष। (tm=2-3; tmax=15).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100). 🛈

Gymnocephalus schraetser (Linnaeus, 1758)