Environment: milieu / climate zone / نطاق العمق / distribution range
البيئة
; المياه العذبة القاع; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 10 - 15. Temperate; 4°C - 18°C (Ref. 2059); 49°N - 43°N, 8°E - 30°E
Europe: Danube drainage.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm 14.0, range 12 - 16 cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 556); common length : 15.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 556); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 250.00 g (Ref. 556); العمر: 15 سنين (Ref. 59043)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 17 - 19. Distinguished from its congeners by having unique characters of 3 discontinuous dark stripes along flank and 55-62 + 4-5 scales along lateral line. Differs further from other species of the genus by having 17-19 dorsal spines (Ref. 59043).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults occur in groups in open sand and mud bottom of large rivers with moderate current. Nocturnal, feeding on small invertebrates, especially molluscs, usually crepuscular but may also feed at daytime. Larvae are benthic (Ref. 59043).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Eggs are attached to stones by females (Ref. 59043).
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof, 2007. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Publications Kottelat, Cornol and Freyhof, Berlin. 646 pp. (Ref. 59043)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير ذات اهمية; لعبة سمكه: نعم; طعم: usually
أدوات
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00465 - 0.02359), b=3.05 (2.86 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع
69278): 3.4 ±0.43 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 5.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
المرونه (مرجع
120179): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (tm=2-3; tmax=15).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
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