Epinephelus polyphekadion, Camouflage grouper : fisheries, aquaculture

Epinephelus polyphekadion (Bleeker, 1849)

Camouflage grouper
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Epinephelus polyphekadion   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Epinephelus polyphekadion (Camouflage grouper)
Epinephelus polyphekadion
Afbeelding van Randall, J.E.

Classificatie / Namen Lokale namen | Synoniemen | Catalog of Fishes(Genus, Soort(en)) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Perciformes/Serranoidei (Groupers) > Epinephelidae (Groupers)
Etymology: Epinephelus: Greek, epinephelos = cloudy (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bleeker.

Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied Ecologie

marien rifbewoner; oceanodroom (Ref. 51243); diepte 0 - 50 m (Ref. 128797). Tropical; 30°N - 34°S, 27°E - 134°W (Ref. 5222)

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Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and east coast of Africa to French Polynesia. In the western Pacific it ranges from southern Japan to southern Queensland and Lord Howe Island. Often confused with Epinephelus fuscoguttatus.

Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturiteit: Lm ?, range 58 - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 4319); common length : 90.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 5450)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 11; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 14 - 15; Anale stekels: 3; Anale zachte stralen: 8. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body depth 2.7-3.1 in SL; preopercle rounded, finely serrate; upper edge of operculum distinctly convex; rear nostril diameter about twice that of anterior nostril; gill rakers of first gill arch 8-10 + 15-1= 24-27; dorsal-fin spines third or fourth longest, 2.7-3.3 in HL and distinctly shorter than longest dorsal-fin ray; 2-3 rows of teeth on midlateral part of lower jaw; front of jaws with inconspicuous fixed canines; body scales ctenoid in broad zone on side from beneath pectoral fin to caudal peduncle, the rest cycloid; caudal fin rounded; pectoral-fin rays 16-18, fin length 1.7-2.1 in HL; short pelvic fins, 1.9-2.4 in HL; lateral-line scales 47-52, in series 95-110. Colour of head, body, and fins pale brown, covered with small dark brown spots; upper half whitish, head and body with irregular dark blotches (more distinct on live specimens) superimposed over the dark spots; prominent black saddle blotch on caudal peduncle; dark spots extend all over head, including lower jaw, lips, branchiostegal membranes, gular area, and inside of mouth; numerous small white spots on fins (more distinct on live fish). a few on head and body; juveniles with a pair of blackish spots on each side of snout and a black spot at margin of second and third interspinous dorsal membranes (Ref. 39231, 89707, 90102).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

Often found in coral-rich areas of lagoon and outer reefs; in caves and large crevices to swim through (Ref. 48635). Most abundant around islands, particularly atolls. Usually in small schools but may be solitary (Ref 90102). Feeds mainly on crustaceans (portunid crabs) and fishes, sometimes on cephalopods and gastropods. In the Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253). This species is important in artisanal fisheries, but occasionally implicated in cases of ciguatera (frequently ciguatoxic in the Marshall Is., Ref. 37816). It is now uncommon at localities with heavy spearfishing, but popular in the aquaculture industry of Singapore, where it is known as 'marble grouper'. It is caught with hook-and-line, spear, and traps (Ref. 39231).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven

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Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Kwetsbaar (VU) (A2bd); Date assessed: 20 November 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

  Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 1602)





Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: commercieel; Aquacultuur: experimenteel
FAO - visserij: aanvoer; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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genoom
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Internetbronnen

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Bekijk FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Genus, Soort(en) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - visserij: aanvoer; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Nationale databanken | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: ga naar, zoek | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Schattingen op basis van modellen

Gewenste temperatuur (Ref. 123201): 24.5 - 28.9, mean 27.6 °C (based on 698 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.01005 - 0.01312), b=3.04 (3.02 - 3.06), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278):  4.0   ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 11.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179):  laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100). 🛈
Kwetsbaarheid voor het klimaat (Ref. 125649):  Very high vulnerability (79 of 100). 🛈
Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766):   Very high.
Voedingsstoffen (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 20.2 [10.0, 44.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.434 [0.232, 0.894] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.2, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.11 [0.07, 0.18] g/100g; Selenium = 37.6 [22.1, 68.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 137 [38, 494] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.1 [0.8, 1.6] mg/100g (wet weight);