Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied
Ecologie
marien bathydemersaal; oceanodroom (Ref. 138310); diepte 175 - 2740 m (Ref. 6793), usually 175 - 1450 m (Ref. 10935). Deep-water; 64°N - 23°N, 141°E - 109°W
North Pacific: Bering Sea coasts of Kamchatka, Russia and Alaska southward to Hatsu Shima Island, southern Japan and Cedros Island, central Baja California, Mexico in the eastern Pacific.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturiteit: Lm 60.3, range 58 - 62 cm
Max length : 120 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9988); common length : 80.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9988); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 94 Jaren (Ref. 55701)
Korte beschrijving
Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 19 - 27; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 16 - 20; Anale stekels: 3; Anale zachte stralen: 15 - 19. Dorsal fins well separated; 2nd dorsal fin sub equal to anal fin in size and form, and opposite in position. Reaches over 1 m in SL.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Adults found on mud bottoms, from 305 (Ref. 2850) to 2,740 m depth (Ref. 2850). Young-of-the-year juveniles are pelagic and found on the surface and near-shore waters (Ref. 28499). Generally localized, but some juveniles have been found to migrate over 2,000 miles in 6 or 7 years (Ref. 28499). Feed on crustaceans, worms and small fishes (Ref. 4925). Most of the catch is marketed in Japan (Ref. 28499). Utilized fresh, dried or salted and smoked (Ref. 9988), can be steamed, pan-fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). The liver oil is rich in vitamin A and D (Ref. 4925). Reported to reach 57 kg in Ref. 2850.
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van groot commercieel belang; Aquacultuur: mogelijk toekomstig gebruik; sportvis: ja; Aquarium: Publieke aquaria
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Schattingen op basis van modellen
Gewenste temperatuur (Ref.
123201): 1.4 - 5.5, mean 2.5 °C (based on 599 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.2500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00791 - 0.01520), b=2.99 (2.89 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.8 (4.9 - 7.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 23
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Zeer laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd meer dan 14 jaar (K=0.2; tm=6; Fec=100,000; tmax=94).
Prior r = 0.11, 95% CL = 0.07 - 0.16, Based on 10 full stock assessments.
Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
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Kwetsbaarheid voor het klimaat (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
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Voedingsstoffen (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16.1 [9.1, 38.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.46 [0.23, 0.90] mg/100g; Protein = 17 [16, 18] %; Omega3 = 0.567 [0.254, 1.631] g/100g; Selenium = 32.5 [14.5, 79.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.27 [1.99, 36.01] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.27 [0.18, 0.42] mg/100g (wet weight);