Lingkungan: lingkungan / zona iklim / kisaran kedalaman / jangkauan distribusi
Ekologi
laut batidemersal; oceanodromus (Ref. 138310); kisaran kedalaman 175 - 2740 m (Ref. 6793), usually 175 - 1450 m (Ref. 10935). Deep-water; 64°N - 23°N, 141°E - 109°W
North Pacific: Bering Sea coasts of Kamchatka, Russia and Alaska southward to Hatsu Shima Island, southern Japan and Cedros Island, central Baja California, Mexico in the eastern Pacific.
Panjang pada saat jatuh tempo pertama / Ukuran / Berat / umur
Kematangan: Lm 60.3, range 58 - 62 cm
Max length : 120 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9988); common length : 80.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9988); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 94 Tahun (Ref. 55701)
deskripsi pendek
Kunci identifiaksi (pengenalan) | Morfologi | Morfometrik
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 19 - 27; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 16 - 20; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 15 - 19. Dorsal fins well separated; 2nd dorsal fin sub equal to anal fin in size and form, and opposite in position. Reaches over 1 m in SL.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Adults found on mud bottoms, from 305 (Ref. 2850) to 2,740 m depth (Ref. 2850). Young-of-the-year juveniles are pelagic and found on the surface and near-shore waters (Ref. 28499). Generally localized, but some juveniles have been found to migrate over 2,000 miles in 6 or 7 years (Ref. 28499). Feed on crustaceans, worms and small fishes (Ref. 4925). Most of the catch is marketed in Japan (Ref. 28499). Utilized fresh, dried or salted and smoked (Ref. 9988), can be steamed, pan-fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). The liver oil is rich in vitamin A and D (Ref. 4925). Reported to reach 57 kg in Ref. 2850.
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: bernilai komersial tinggi; Budidaya air: kemungkinan penggunaan kedepan; Ikan buruan: ya; Akuarium: Akuarium publik
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimasi berdasarkan model
Suhu yang disukai (Acuan
123201): 1.4 - 5.5, mean 2.5 °C (based on 599 cells).
Indeks keanekaragaman filogenetik (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 1.2500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00791 - 0.01520), b=2.99 (2.89 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Tingkat Trofik (Acuan
69278): 3.8 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.8 (4.9 - 7.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 23
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): sangat rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum lebih dari 14 tahun (K=0.2; tm=6; Fec=100,000; tmax=94).
Prior r = 0.11, 95% CL = 0.07 - 0.16, Based on 10 full stock assessments.
Kerentanan Penangkapan Ikan (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
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Kerentanan Iklim (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
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Nutrisi (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16.1 [9.1, 38.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.46 [0.23, 0.90] mg/100g; Protein = 17 [16, 18] %; Omega3 = 0.567 [0.254, 1.631] g/100g; Selenium = 32.5 [14.5, 79.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.27 [1.99, 36.01] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.27 [0.18, 0.42] mg/100g (wet weight);