Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي نزديك كف زي; تغييرات عمق 30 - 300 m (Ref. 3200). Subtropical; 43°N - 4°N
Eastern Central Atlantic: Madeira Island (Ref. 74541), Canary Islands, Senegal, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Sierra Leone; northward to southwest of Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean. Western Indian Ocean: Natal, South Africa (Ref. 3200).
Size / Weight / سن
بلوغ: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 21.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 124816); common length : 15.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 3397); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 70.00 g (Ref. 124816)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 0; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 62 - 70; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 0; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 64 - 75; مهره ها: 40 - 43. Greyish, median fins darker; 4 round, white-edged, black ocelli on posterior part of body; white-edged black band across peduncle; black blotch on lateral line behind tip of pectoral; faint dark spots on anterior part of body (Ref. 3200).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms.
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | Fecundity | توزاد ( لارو)
Desoutter, M., 1990. Soleidae. p. 1037-1049. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 5304)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): 13.8 - 24.9, mean 17.1 °C (based on 211 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00977 (0.00619 - 0.01542), b=2.96 (2.83 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (مرجع
69278): 3.2 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
جهندگی (مرجع
120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (11 of 100).
🛈
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 176 [62, 318] mg/100g; Iron = 1.21 [0.50, 2.38] mg/100g; Protein = 18.6 [16.7, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.279 [0.124, 0.554] g/100g; Selenium = 28.5 [14.1, 59.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 17.6 [5.8, 51.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.916 [0.585, 1.355] mg/100g (wet weight);
