分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Umbrina: Latin, umbra, -ae = shadow, in the sense of phantom; due to its quick movements (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 50 - 300 m (Ref. 4780), usually 150 - 200 m (Ref. 26999). 亞熱帶的; 50°N - 28°S
Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay to South Africa (Ref. 4373), including the western Mediterranean. Western Indian Ocean: east coast of Africa (Ref. 3490); probably also in the Arabian Sea under synonyms capensis (non Pappe ?), sinuata Day and striata Boulenger.
東大西洋: 比斯開灣到南非 (參考文獻 4373), 包括地中海西部。 西印度洋: 非洲東岸;(參考文獻 3490) 可能也在同種異名 capensis 下面的阿拉伯海 (非 Pappe?), sinuata 日子與 striata Boulenger。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm 23.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 30573); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3593); 最大年龄: 27 年 (Ref. 127644)
背棘 (总数) : 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 25 - 29; 臀棘: 2; 臀鳍软条: 7. Juveniles with narrow oblique dark and light stripes, becoming obscure in adults (Ref. 4373).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
稚鱼有狭窄的斜深色的与淡色条纹, 变成暗当成鱼时.(参考文献 4373)
Found in mud and sandy bottoms of the shelf and upper slope (Ref. 4780), 14° to 15° C (Ref. 36731). Feed on small shrimps, worms and other bottom invertebrates (Ref. 4780). Sold fresh and dried salted (Ref. 3490).
发现于泥与大陆架与上层斜坡 (参考文献 4780) 的砂质底部， 15个 ° C 的 14个 °了。 (参考文献 36731) 吃小的虾，蠕虫与其他的底栖无脊椎动物。 (参考文献 4780) 生鲜贩卖了与乾燥盐腌.(参考文献 3490)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
東大西洋: 比斯開灣到南非 (參考文獻 4373), 包括地中海西部。 西印度洋: 非洲東岸;(參考文獻 3490) 可能也在同種異名 capensis 下面的阿拉伯海 (非 Pappe?), sinuata 日子與 striata Boulenger。
Chao, L.N. and E. Trewavas, 1990. Sciaenidae. p. 813-826. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3593)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (参考文献
123201): 11.9 - 19.7, mean 15 °C (based on 71 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00552 - 0.01313), b=3.13 (3.00 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 3.4 ±0.44 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.26).
Prior r = 0.55, 95% CL = 0.36 - 0.82, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 53.3 [29.8, 106.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.928 [0.470, 1.611] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.4, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.337 [0.202, 0.525] g/100g; Selenium = 41.3 [22.7, 76.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.26 [2.87, 26.43] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.631 [0.450, 0.913] mg/100g (wet weight);
