Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 30 - 137 m (Ref. 9330). Subtropical; 37°N - 20°N, 123°W - 105°W
Eastern Pacific: Monterey Bay in California, USA to the Gulf of California.
Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 2850); common length : 35.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9330)
Utilized fresh and is said to be an excellent foodfish.
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Oviparous (Ref. 101737). Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Females produce numerous eggs in multiple spawnings during a prolonged spawning period (Ref. 101737).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: husbehovsfiske
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
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Internet-källor
Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur (Ref.
123201): 13.2 - 19.8, mean 17.1 °C (based on 16 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00472 - 0.01763), b=3.08 (2.90 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 6.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (tm=3; K=0.17).
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
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