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Centrarchiformes (Basses) >
Centrarchidae (Sunfishes)
Etymology: Lepomis: Greek, lepis = scaled + Greek, poma = gill cover, operculum (Ref. 45335, 79012); gibbosus: gibbosus from gibbous, or like a full moon, referring to body shape (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / distribuzione batimetrica / distribution range
Ecologia
; acqua dolce; salmastro benthopelagico; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 10 - 15; potamodromo (Ref. 51243); distribuzione batimetrica 0 - 41 m (Ref. 1998). Subtropical; 4°C - 30°C (Ref. 1672); 50°N - 32°N, 125°W - 64°W (Ref. 86798)
North America: New Brunswick in Canada south to Savannah River in Georgia, USA; Great Lakes, Hudson Bay (Red River), and upper Mississippi River basins from Quebec west to southeastern Manitoba and North Dakota, and south to north Kentucky and Missouri, USA. Introduced to Pacific drainages from British Columbia to California. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
Length at first maturity / Size / Peso / Age
Maturità: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 86798); common length : 9.9 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 12193); peso massimo pubblicato: 630.00 g (Ref. 4699); Età massima riportata: 12 anni (Ref. 72493)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 10 - 12; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 10 - 12; Spine anali: 3; Raggi anali molli: 8 - 11; Vertebre: 28 - 30.
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Inhabits vegetated lakes and ponds, as well as quiet pools of creeks and small rivers (Ref. 86798). Feeds on small fishes and other vertebrates (Ref. 1998), as well as fish eggs (Ref. 2058). Adtults rarely form schools but occur in pairs or loose aggregations of three to four individuals; young individuals aggregate in fairly large schools (Ref. 120693). An introduced species in Europe which avoids swift waters and occurs in estuaries with a salinity up to 18.2 ppt (Ref. 59043). Reported in Europe to prey on a wide variety of invertebrates (Ref. 59043). Considered undesirable catch (Ref. 30578).
Males build the nest on very shallow waters near the shore. The pair then swims in a circular path over the nest and eggs and sperm is released in intervals. The male guards the eggs for about 7 days (Ref. 93240) and the young (to about 11 days after hatching), then prepares the nest for another spawning with the same or different females (Ref. 1998). In European waters, each male may spawn with several females in one nest and guard the nest until abandoned by larvae (Ref. 59043). Produces up to 1000 eggs (Ref. 1672).
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Potential pest
Human uses
Pesca: pesca di sussistenza; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si; Acquario: Commerciale
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Fonte Biblio.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.00941 - 0.01466), b=3.11 (3.06 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Fonte Biblio.
69278): 3.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio.
120179): Medio, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 1.4 - 4.4 anni (tm=2; Fec=600-5000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
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