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> Esociformes (Pikes and mudminnows) > Umbridae (Mudminnows)
Etymology: Umbra:Latin, umbra, -ae = shadow, in the sense of phantom; due to its quick movements (Ref. 45335). More on author: DeKay.
Environnement : milieu / zone climatique / profondeur / gamme de distribution Écologie
North America: Atlantic and Gulf slopes from southeastern New York (including Long Island) to St.Johns River drainage in Florida and west to Aucilla River drainage in Florida and Georgia, USA (Ref. 5723). Introduced (but very localized) to central and western Europe (Ref. 59043).
Longueur à la première maturité / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturité: Lm3.7 range ? - ? cm Max length : 13.7 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 88166); 15.0 cm TL (female)
Épines dorsales (Total) : 0; Rayons mous dorsaux (Total) : 14 - 15; Épines anales: 0; Rayons mous anaux: 8 - 11. Body robust, thick, little compressed; head bluntly conic; snout short, equal to diameter of eye; mouth moderate, jaws short, mandible protrudes slightly beyond tip of upper jaw, premaxillaries not protractile. Gill rakers short and numerous. Dorsal inserted near pectoral than caudal base; pelvic inserted just before origin of dorsal , rays of depressed fin reaching to about 3rd anal ray. Caudal fin rounded, with 18-20 rays (Ref. 2196).
Pigmentation: yellowish green with 10-12 narrow lateral dark stripes; a dark stripe through eye; a black basicaudal bar; lower jaw pale; fins plain. Also Ref. 40476. Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Adults inhabit quiet streams, sloughs, swamps and other wetlands over sand, mud and debris, often among dense vegetation. Juveniles also found among aquatic vegetation, often forming schools of 10-12 individuals (Ref. 39069). An introduced species in Europe which usually occurs in small isolated ponds and peat bogs (Ref. 59043). Oviparous, larvae remain in algal nest for about 6 days (Ref. 39067). Spawning takes place in April and May (Ref. 30578). Adults feed on insect larvae, worms, mollusks, crustaceans alevins. Experimental studies show that this species can tolerate acidic environment, particularly, at ph values ranging from 4.0 to 7.0 where no mortality or significant changes in blood plasma osmolarity and haematocrit was observed (Ref. 59260).
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Cycle de vie Reproduction Maturité Maturité/épines rel. Fécondité Frai Agrégats de frai Œufs Développement de l'œuf Larves Dynamique des populations larvaires
Physiologie Composition corporelle Nutriments Consommation d'oxygène Type de natation Vitesse de nage Pigments visuels Son de poisson Maladies et parasites Toxicité (CL50)
Indice de diversité phylogénétique (Réf. 82804): PD50 = 0.6329 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00501 - 0.01995), b=3.11 (2.93 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Niveau trophique (Réf. 69278): 3.3 ±0.39 se; based on food items.
Résilience (Réf. 120179): Milieu, temps minimum de doublement de population : 1,4 à 4,4 années (tm=1.5-2; Ave. Fec=342).
Vulnérabilité de la pêche (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100). 🛈
