Issue
Distribution needs major revision due to questionable (unconfirmed) occurences reported by major references (Ref. 57869:385-6).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي وابسته به آب سنگ; هردو رو (Ref. 51243); تغييرات عمق 1 - 350 m (Ref. 38189). Subtropical; 45°N - 44°S, 89°E - 154°E
Eastern Indian Ocean, Malay Peninsula, southern Philippines, northern Java, Arafura Sea, Louisiade Archipelago, and northern half and southwestern Australia. Reports of Introduction in the Mediterranean are questionable. Confirmed and questionable reports of its occurrence (and references) are discussed in Inoue & Nakabo 2006 (Ref. 57869:385-6).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
بلوغ: Lm 19.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 3397); common length : 30.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 5450); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 7 سال ها (Ref. 94612)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 0; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 11 - 12; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 0; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 11 - 12. Cigar-shaped, rounded or slightly compressed; the head pointed and depressed; the snout rounded. Dorsal origin closer to the adipose origin than the snout tip. Anal fin origin is closer to the tail base than the operculum. Color is brown-gray above and creamy below, with 8-10 indistinct darker spots along the middle of the sides.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: circular.
Found on the sublittoral zone above 100 m over sand or mud bottoms of coastal waters (Ref. 11228, 11230). Feeds on fishes (anchovy and red mullet Mullus surmuletus), crustaceans, and other invertebrates (Ref. 5213). Spawns from April to May off Japan. Generally marketed frozen, sometimes fresh and as fish cakes ('kamaboko') in Japan (Ref. 4964). Minimum depth from Ref. 12260.
Russell, B.C., 1999. Synodontidae: lizardfishes (also bombay ducks, sauries). p. 1928-1945. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes. Part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. pp. 1397-2068. (Ref. 38189)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: ارزش تحاري اندك
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): 18.8 - 27.9, mean 26 °C (based on 583 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00550 (0.00478 - 0.00632), b=3.10 (3.06 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (مرجع
69278): 4.5 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.7 (1.8 - 3.5) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 40
growth studies.
جهندگی (مرجع
120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (K=0.3-0.9; tm=1-2; tmax=8; Fec=84,802).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 20.3 [6.4, 45.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.406 [0.138, 0.948] mg/100g; Protein = 16 [14, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.105 [0.035, 0.259] g/100g; Selenium = 22.4 [8.0, 51.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 63.6 [15.2, 235.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.508 [0.287, 0.826] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
