分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays)
鰩目 (Skates and rays) >
Anacanthobatidae (Smooth skates)
Anacanthobatidae (Smooth skates)
Etymology: Indobatis: Name refers to the distribution of the genus in the western Indian Ocean (Greek 'Indos' for India, 'batis' for skate or ray).
Eponymy: This is an acronym for the Oceanographic Research Institute (ORI) of South Africa, honoured for its contributions to the ichthyology of South African waters. Its research vessel David Davies collected the type of the whiptail. (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
海洋 深海底的; 深度上下限 1000 - 1725 m (Ref. 5578). 深水域; 15°S - 30°S
Western Indian Ocean: off off Mozambique and Madagascar.
西印度洋: 外海的莫三比克中部與外海的馬達加斯加。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 42.9 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 95335)
This medium sized species grows to about 42.9 cm TL and has the following set of diagnostic characters: disc 0.9-1.1 times as wide as long and with rounded outer corners, it is extremely depressed pear-shaped to broadly inverse heart-shaped (in adult male); snout angle 85-106° and larger in juveniles; snout terminally expanded as a rostral lobe that is 9-12% of preorbital snout length; further juveniles with a short, thin rostral filament; narrow interorbital distance, 2-3% of TL; inner margin of posterior pelvic lobe fused along its entire length to root of tail; length of tail from mid-vent about equal to body length from tip of rostral lobe to mid-vent in adults, but 1.5 times body length in juveniles; surface of upper and lower disc and tail entirely naked except for 2 longitudinal rows of alar thorns in adult male; the tail with 2 lateral rows of fleshy, tubular papillae; colour of upper and lower surfaces dark grayish-brown, but ventral surface somewhat darker; upper jaw with 18=26 tooth rows; monospondylous vertebral centra 25-29; scapulocoracoid subrectangular, the rear corner sharply marked; large oval anterior fenestra no anterior bridge, one very large oval postdorsal and 5 minute to small postventral fenestrae; pelvic girdle with massive ischiopubic bar with straight to weakly concave anterior and deeply concave posterior contour; prepelvic processes are very long and inclined outwards, their length from axis of pelvic girdle maximal width 3.9-5.3 times median thickness of ischiopubic bar (Ref. 95335).
Body shape (shape guide): other; Cross section: flattened.
一深色的平滑-皮膚鯆魮具有一個長又細長的尾部大於體長; 吻有角的具有基底寬的絲狀突起; 具有圓角與沒有大的刺或細齒的胸盤在雄性成魚上除了翼的棘。 (參考文獻 5578) 鯆魮有分開成移動的腿狀前葉的腹鰭 , 與可能融合成尾部基底的一個後面的葉。 (參考文獻 5578) 全灰色-黑色或上方褐色的, 腹面顏色較淡.(參考文獻 5578)
Found on the slope (Ref. 5578). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsule measures 36.0 mm long and 19.0 mm wide (Ref. 41249). Taken only by deep-trawling research vessels (Ref. 5578).
棲息於斜坡了。 (參考文獻 5578) 卵生的。 明顯的成對出現。 幼魚可能傾向跟隨大的個體, 例如他們的母親.(參考文獻 205) 卵為長方形鞘囊具有僵硬的觸角沈積在沙灘或泥灘的角落.(參考文獻 205) 卵鞘有 36.0 mm 長與 19.0 mm 寬的長。 (參考文獻 41249) 只有被深-拖網研究船採。 (參考文獻 5578)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).西印度洋: 外海的莫三比克中部與外海的馬達加斯加。
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 24 December 2018
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (參考文獻
123201): 3.9 - 5.6, mean 4.7 °C (based on 16 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.7 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming fecundity<100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
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