Environment: milieu / climate zone / نطاق العمق / distribution range
البيئة
بحري مرتبطة بالشعاب; نطاق العمق 40 - 421 m (Ref. 11441). Deep-water
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea to South Africa, Oman, Arabian Sea, Australia, Japan, Taiwan and the Philippines. Reported from Malaysia (Ref. 5756) and Indonesia (Ref. 5978).
الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 42.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9710); common length : 20.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 9864)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 4; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 25 - 27; شوكة شرجية: 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 8 - 10. Small specimens pale with dark blotches on body, dorsal, anal and pelvic fins becoming larger and coalescing with growth; adults dark with narrow, pale, vertical bands (Ref. 5449).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep.
Inhabits deep rocky reefs (Ref. 9710, 11230).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Heemstra, P.C., 1997. Pentacerotidae. Armourheads. In K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Western Central Pacific. (Ref. 9864)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): 12.9 - 26.4, mean 19 °C (based on 678 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 1.0001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01995 (0.00906 - 0.04395), b=3.01 (2.83 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع
69278): 3.5 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
المرونه (مرجع
120179): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.2 [4.4, 21.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.242 [0.105, 0.524] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [17.0, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.189 [0.093, 0.392] g/100g; Selenium = 11.3 [4.1, 28.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 22.1 [3.4, 140.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.358 [0.215, 0.567] mg/100g (wet weight);
