分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生态学
海洋 pelagic-neritic; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 700 m (Ref. 106604), usually 0 - 200 m (Ref. 89423). 亞熱帶的; 53°N - 13°N
分布
国家 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | 分布图 | 简介 | Faunafri
Circumglobal.
東大西洋: 外海的愛爾蘭西南部, 地中海與葡萄牙南至塞內加爾,包括加那利群島與亞速群島島。 可能地誤入西北大西洋。 記錄來自印度了。 (參考文獻 45255)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm 217.8, range 204 - ? cm
Max length : 520 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4442); 240.0 cm WD (female); common length : 225 cm WD 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9256); 最大体重: 1.5 t (Ref. 115943)
Larger than M. hypostoma, tail with spine and prickles (Ref. 6902).
Body shape (shape guide): other.
大于 M. hypostoma, 尾部有棘与刺。 (参考文献 6902)
An epipelagic species (Ref. 6808, 58302) found over continental shelves and near oceanic islands (Ref. 6679). Occurs singly or in groups (Ref. 9911). Feeds mainly on euphausiids (mainly Nictiphanes simplex), and to a lesser extent on copepods and crustacean larvae; also on small pelagic fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 6679, 6871), by funnelling using their cephalic fins and then trapping or filtering the food through their specialised gill plates (Ref. 115943). Acoustic tracks record the species to spend time above the thermocline at night to feed on krill (H. Dewar, pers.comm. 05/2000). Max length of female from Ref. 50641. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Bycatch mortalities have been reported from Mediterranean fisheries - large-scale driftnets, purse seines and trawls, bottom set nets, trammel nets, longlines and even fixed traps for tuna. Very common by-catch of the gillnet fisheries targeting skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis). It is utilized for its meat as protein source (except the head), its gill filter plates (of very high value and as an ingredient in Chinese medicine, Ref. 115943), its cartilage and skin (Ref. 58048).
一个表层鱼种 (参考文献 6808) 发现在大陆架上面了与在大洋性岛屿的附近.(参考文献 6679) 吃小型大洋性鱼类与甲壳动物。 (参考文献 6679) 卵胎生的.(参考文献 50449)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 6679, 50449). With one in a litter (Ref. 12951). Size at birth 85-92 cm WD (Ref. 12951, Ref. 58048).東大西洋: 外海的愛爾蘭西南部, 地中海與葡萄牙南至塞內加爾,包括加那利群島與亞速群島島。 可能地誤入西北大西洋。 記錄來自印度了。 (參考文獻 45255)
McEachran, J.D. and B. Séret, 1990. Mobulidae. p. 73-76. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4442)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
濒危 (EN) (A2bd+3d); Date assessed: 20 November 2018
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (参考文献
123201): 13.1 - 23, mean 15.8 °C (based on 226 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 3.5 ±0.45 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 9.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Fec assumed to be <100).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 4.56 [0.57, 78.69] mg/100g; Iron = 0.708 [0.063, 8.495] mg/100g; Protein = 21 [16, 26] %; Omega3 = 0.174 [0.053, 0.535] g/100g; Selenium = 38.5 [7.7, 213.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 2.65 [0.21, 33.74] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.316 [0.018, 3.678] mg/100g (wet weight);
