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Anguilliformes (Eels and morays) >
Muraenidae (Moray eels) > Muraeninae
Etymology: Gymnothorax: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, thorax, -akos = breast (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / distribuzione batimetrica / distribution range
Ecologia
marino associati a barriera corallina; distribuzione batimetrica 0 - 200 m (Ref. 9710), usually 0 - 35 m (Ref. 40849). Subtropical; 37°N - 26°S, 98°W - 5°W
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, USA and Bermuda to Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean to southeastern Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Ascension and St. Helena (Ref. 4450). Mid- and eastern Atlantic islands (Ref. 26938).
Size / Peso / Age
Maturità: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 200 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 57911); common length : 60.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 5217); peso massimo pubblicato: 2.5 kg (Ref. 40637)
Moderate-size moray with a pattern of distinct small, round, overlapping dark brownish to purplish-black spots on white or pale yellow background (Ref. 26938).
Body shape (shape guide): eel-like.
A benthic and solitary species (Ref. 26340) abundant in shallow rocky and grassy areas and on coral reefs; less common in turbid bays or harbors. Its bite is very dangerous (Ref. 5217). Active during the day, sometimes together with other predators. Feeds on fish and crustaceans (Ref. 42064). Usually seen with its head protruding from a hole and the rest of its body concealed (Ref. 26938). Observed to be unusually aggressive towards man (Ref. 86997). It has been traded as aquarium fish at Ceará, Brazil (Ref. 49392). Marketed fresh and salted (Ref. 5217).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecundity | Larve
Spawning migrations, leptocephalus larvae.
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Traumatogenic (Ref. 5217)
Human uses
Pesca: scarso interesse commerciale; Acquario: Commerciale
Strumenti
Special reports
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Fonti Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Fonte Biblio.
123201): 23.3 - 28, mean 26.5 °C (based on 630 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Fonte Biblio.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00056 (0.00037 - 0.00085), b=3.27 (3.15 - 3.39), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Fonte Biblio.
69278): 4.5 ±0.8 se; based on diet studies.
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio.
120179): Basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione 4.5 - 14 anni (Assuming tmax>10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 10.1 [4.9, 20.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.399 [0.211, 0.819] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [17.2, 22.0] %; Omega3 = 0.161 [0.064, 0.501] g/100g; Selenium = 32.8 [15.0, 68.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 41.4 [10.9, 160.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.431 [0.281, 0.657] mg/100g (wet weight);
