Environment: milieu / climate zone / kisaran kedalaman / distribution range
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang; nir-ruaya; kisaran kedalaman 5 - 147 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 22°N - 20°S, 104°E - 172°E
Indo-West Pacific: Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea, northeastern Australia (Cape York to northern Great Barrier Reef) Belau, Truk, Caroline Islands, Marshall Islands, and the Solomon Islands. Reported from Malaysia (Ref. 5756).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Kematangan: Lm ?, range 42 - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 5222); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 1.2 kg (Ref. 40637)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 7 - 8; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 10 - 12; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 8.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Inhabits drop-offs and steep channel slopes (Ref. 9710). Very little has been published on its biology. Reported to forage in groups of two or three for rock- and sand living crustaceans and fishes. Rare in most areas (Ref. 9710). In the Hong Kong live fish markets (Ref. 27253).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 5222)
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Acuan
123201): 26.6 - 29.3, mean 28.7 °C (based on 1890 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00643 - 0.01629), b=3.03 (2.90 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Acuan
69278): 4.0 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 33.3 [19.4, 63.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.563 [0.294, 0.941] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [17, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.162 [0.105, 0.257] g/100g; Selenium = 53.9 [31.7, 98.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 42.2 [14.7, 134.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.813 [0.559, 1.195] mg/100g (wet weight);
