Environment: milieu / climate zone / ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ / distribution range
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
ສັດທະເລ ກ່ຽວກັນຫີນ; ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ (Ref. 51243); ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ ? - 700 m (Ref. 100719), usually 20 - 60 m (Ref. 54876). Tropical; 30°N - 35°S, 32°E - 155°E
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and east coast of Africa (except Kenya), including Madagascar to the Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea (Ref. 9819), and further east to southeast Asia and Australia. Does not appear to occur in the central or eastern Pacific.
Length at first maturity / ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ: Lm 28.6, range 19 - 35 cm
Max length : 60.0 cm FL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 1287); ອາຍຸສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍລາຍງານມາ: 7 ປີ (Ref. 1287)
ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ) : 0; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 11 - 13; ຄີ(ໜາມ) ແຂງຢູ່ຄີກົ້ນປາ
ກຸ່ມປາກະດູກແຂງ
ຄວາມຖີ່ຂອງກຸ່ມຖ່າຍທອດພັນ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລໄປຫານ້ຳຈືດ ແລະນ້ຳຈືດຫາທະເລ
ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍຈາກທະເລແລະໄປໄຂ່ຢູ່ນ້ຳຈືດ
ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ
ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫັຼງ
ການຖ່າຍທອດທາງກຳມະພັນຈາກພໍ່ແມ່ຫາລູກ: 0; ຄີກົ້ນຂອງປາ: 10 - 11. Body is cigar-shaped, rounded or slightly compressed; the head pointed and depressed; the snout broader than long. Color is generally brown above and silver below; the back with faint cross bands. The tips of the dorsal and pectorals and the lower caudal lobe blackish.
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: circular.
Found on muddy bottoms (Ref. 30573) and trawling grounds (Ref. 58652). Adults feed on fishes, crustaceans, and squids (Ref. 30573). Sold fresh.
Cressey, R.F. and R.S. Waples, 1984. Synodontidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). Volume 4. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3520)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
ການປະມົງ: ເປັນສີນຄ້າ
ເຄື່ອງມື
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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
123201): 18.4 - 29.1, mean 27.9 °C (based on 2178 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00525 (0.00451 - 0.00611), b=3.12 (3.08 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
69278): 4.4 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.7 (2.0 - 6.9) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 34
growth studies.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
120179): ຂະໜາດກາງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 1.4 - 4.4 ປີ (K=0.08-0.44; tmax=7; Fec=91,389).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 28.4 [9.9, 60.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.402 [0.142, 0.934] mg/100g; Protein = 15.3 [12.8, 17.7] %; Omega3 = 0.0709 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 59.9 [23.1, 129.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 84.7 [22.2, 290.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.71 [0.41, 1.07] mg/100g (wet weight);
