分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; pH range: 6.0 - 6.5; dH range: 4 - 18; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 熱帶; 22°C - 26°C (Ref. 1672); 23°S - 31°S
Africa: Mono River in Togo to Nipoué River in Liberia (Ref. 2880, 81279). Widely distributed in the Congo River basin (Ref. 42019). Also in the middle Zambezi (Ref. 95585), lower Zambezi, Wami River in Tanzania to Pongolo River in South Africa; Lakes Malawi, Rukwa, Rufiji and Ruvuma; on the western coast in the Quanza and the Nyanga, Tanganyika tributaries, Lake Kariba, Cunene River (Ref. 5331).
非洲: 到在賴比瑞亞中的 Nipoue 河的在多哥中的 Mono 河; 尚比西河下游, 對在南非中的澎哥洛河的在坦尚尼亞中的 Wami 河; 馬拉威湖,魯誇, Rufiji 與 Ruvuma; 剛果河流域; 在寬扎河與 Nyanga ,坦噶尼喀支流,卡裡巴湖,庫內內河中的西岸上.(參考文獻 5331)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 9.3  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 19.8 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2880); 最大體重: 300.00 g (Ref. 7248); 最大年齡: 5 年 (Ref. 7248)
臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 14 - 18. Diagnosis: parietal fontanella absent in adults and porelinke in juveniles, disappearing with growth; snout short, comprised over three times in head length; dorsal-fin origin at same level as, or scarcely behind, pelvic-fin insertions; head narrow; adults medium-sized; sexual dimorphism affecting anal-fin shape in adult males; no band or spots on sides; caudal fin red, not black-edged; 4.5 scales between lateral line and dorsal fin; 21-31 lateral line scales; 11-16 anal fin branched rays; 8/8 premaxillary teeth; 16-20 gill rakers in lower part of first branchial arch (Ref. 2880, 81279).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
在稚魚的腔壁的囟門 ponctiform 消失當成魚時。 等於顎。 在雄性的臀鰭上的性的同種二形。 身體銀色的﹐呈綠色的或褐色的背面, 灰白的腹面。 肱骨的與尾前椎斑點黑色。 薩伊流域,迦納與南非: 有鰭條的鰭淡黃色或淡紅的, 脂鰭紅色。 Zambeze 與魯誇: 偶鰭黃色的, 黑色的脂肪。 到多哥的象牙海岸: 有鰭條的鰭與脂肪的鮮紅色, 除了鰭是的 Nipoue 褐色。 在第一 ceratobranch 上的鰓耙。
Found in shallow and sheltered waters of swampy bays. Generally restricted to shallow waters where they may be found in various habitats such as over sand, rock or, less frequently, in aquatic weed beds (Ref. 13337). Common in shallow vegetated areas (Ref. 4967). Also found in large rivers and floodplain pans and lagoons. Feeds on insects, tiny fishes, vegetable matters (Ref. 5595) and crustaceans (Ref. 13337). Main predator is the tigerfish (Ref. 7248). Breeds in summer, migrating to spawning sites after rains. Migrates to tributary rivers and floodplains when the rivers come down in spate (Ref. 13337). Known to mass at river mouths while waiting for suitable conditions to trigger off the breeding migrations upstream (Ref. 13337). Used as live bait for tigerfish and large catfish (Ref. 13337). Affinities: B. carolinae, with lateral stripe; B. nigricauda with wide black margin on caudal fin.
發現於淺灘與沼澤海灣的有遮蔽的水域了。 通常侷限於淺水域了在那裡它們可能被發現於各種不同的棲息地例如沙子之上,岩石或, 更不時常, 在水生的雜草叢中.(參考文獻 13337) 常見於水淺的有植物生長的區域。 (參考文獻 4967) 也發現於大河與洪泛區窪地與潟湖。 吃昆蟲,極小的魚,植物 (參考文獻 5595) 與甲殼動物。 (參考文獻 13337) 主要的掠食者是虎魚。 (參考文獻 7248) 繁殖於夏天, 洄游至產卵區被下雨後。 當河在氾濫中下來的時候,迴游到支流的河與洪泛區。 (參考文獻 13337) 當等候適當的環境時候,已知了在河口的團引起外海的向上游的繁殖迴游.(參考文獻 13337) 被當作活餌使用對於虎魚與大的鯰魚.(參考文獻 13337) 分類相關: B. carolinae, ,側面的斑紋; B. nigricauda 有寬的在尾鰭上的黑色的邊緣。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Assumed to be the same as Arnoldichthys spilopterus.非洲: 到在賴比瑞亞中的 Nipoue 河的在多哥中的 Mono 河; 尚比西河下游, 對在南非中的澎哥洛河的在坦尚尼亞中的 Wami 河; 馬拉威湖,魯誇, Rufiji 與 Ruvuma; 剛果河流域; 在寬扎河與 Nyanga ,坦噶尼喀支流,卡裡巴湖,庫內內河中的西岸上.(參考文獻 5331)
Paugy, D., 1990. Characidae. p. 195-236. In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douces et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Tome I. Coll. Faune Tropicale n° XXVIII. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren et O.R.S.T.O.M., Paris, 384 p. (Ref. 2880)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 May 2018
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 水族館: 商業性; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00900 - 0.01464), b=2.98 (2.93 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 3.3 ±0.48 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=1.4; tmax=5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
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