Environment: milieu / climate zone / نطاق العمق / distribution range
البيئة
بحري قاعية المعيشة; نطاق العمق 70 - 1013 m (Ref. 115260), usually 100 - 500 m (Ref. 115262). Deep-water; 63°N - 13°N, 18°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: British Isles to Senegal, including the Mediterranean, the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm ?, range 54 - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 4712); common length : 50.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 7400); العمر: 21 سنين (Ref. 46508)
Found from shallow, inshore waters to 650 m depth. Maximum depth range at 1013 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feeds on nekton, mainly fishes (4712).
Caruso, J.H., 1990. Lophiidae. p. 479-480. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 7400)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): 9 - 13.5, mean 11.1 °C (based on 60 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01259 (0.01036 - 0.01530), b=2.97 (2.91 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع
69278): 4.4 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 10.0 (7.3 - 11.0) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 13
growth studies.
المرونه (مرجع
120179): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (K=0.07-0.19; tm=4-10; tmax=21; Fec=46,320).
Prior r = 0.43, 95% CL = 0.28 - 0.64, Based on 6 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14.1 [7.6, 30.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.394 [0.211, 0.738] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [16.2, 22.4] %; Omega3 = 0.286 [0.121, 0.708] g/100g; Selenium = 15 [5, 46] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.1 [3.2, 65.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.223 [0.115, 0.720] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
