Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina; brackvatten bentopelagisk; amfidrom (Ref. 51243); djupintervall 10 - 50 m (Ref. 9772). Tropical; 26°C - 29°C (Ref. 4959); 34°N - 35°S, 20°E - 154°E
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, including Madagascar (absent in the Red Sea), eastward to southern China Sea and Queensland, Australia.
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm 19.7, range 28 - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 5284); common length : 40.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9772); publicerad maxvikt: 7.0 kg (Ref. 9987); rapporterad maxålder: 5 år (Ref. 3625)
Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 10 - 11; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 27 - 30; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 2; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 7 - 8.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Found in coastal waters (Ref. 30573). Adults feed on fishes, prawns and other invertebrates (Ref. 5213, 9772). Generally marketed fresh, may be dried or salted (Ref. 5284). Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 9773.
Chan, W., U. Bathia and D. Carlsson, 1974. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer and P.J.P. Whitehead (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 57) and Western Central Pacific (Fishing Area 71). Volume 3. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 2113)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja
Verktyg
Särskilda rapporter
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur (Ref.
123201): 25 - 29.1, mean 28.3 °C (based on 798 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00778 - 0.00931), b=3.06 (3.04 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (K=0.14-0.41; tm=1; tmax=5; Fec= 53,676).
Prior r = 0.44, 95% CL = 0.29 - 0.66, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
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Sårbarhet för klimatet (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (84 of 100).
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Näringsämnen (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 71.5 [41.8, 125.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.766 [0.376, 1.336] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.7, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.198 [0.098, 0.350] g/100g; Selenium = 66 [36, 127] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.8 [6.2, 43.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.13 [0.81, 1.64] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.