分类 / 名称
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
环境:氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 20 - 500 m (Ref. 2683). 亞熱帶的; 57°N - 5°S, 18°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay (occasionally further north) and southwestern Mediterranean to the Strait of Gibraltar and the Gulf of Guinea, possibly even further south.
東大西洋: 比斯開灣 (偶然地到更北方) 與西南方的地中海到直布羅陀海峽與幾內亞灣, 甚至可能更南方。
首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
成熟度: Lm 15.8  range ? - 21 cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3397); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 26999)
背棘 (总数) : 12; 背的软条 (总数) : 10 - 11; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 9. Body tall, without stripes or bars. Small black spot at the pectoral fin base (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
身体高的, 没有斑纹或横带。 在胸鳍基底的小黑色的斑点.(参考文献 35388)
Inhabit various types of bottom but prefers gravel or rubble from 20 to about 500 m depth, abundance varying with depth according to the latitudes. Feed mainly on crustaceans and fish but also takes mollusks (Ref. 4781).
栖息于各种不同类型的底部但是偏爱砾石或者碎石从 20 到大约 500 公尺深, 改变的丰度随着深度根据纬度。 主要吃甲壳类动物和鱼类也捕食软件动物.(参考文献 4781)
生命周期和交配行为
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
東大西洋: 比斯開灣 (偶然地到更北方) 與西南方的地中海到直布羅陀海峽與幾內亞灣, 甚至可能更南方。
Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990. Sparidae. p. 790-812. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3688)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
基于模型的估算
首选温度 (参考文献
123201): 10 - 16.8, mean 13.5 °C (based on 312 cells).
系统发育多样性指数 (参考文献
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.01086 - 0.01755), b=3.02 (2.99 - 3.05), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (参考文献
69278): 3.9 ±0.61 se; based on food items.
回复力 (参考文献
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.18-0.23).
渔业脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
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气候脆弱性 (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (11 of 100).
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营养素 (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 68.6 [38.2, 132.2] mg/100g; Iron = 1.04 [0.58, 1.83] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [18.5, 21.4] %; Omega3 = 0.515 [0.289, 0.917] g/100g; Selenium = 34.8 [16.9, 64.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.6 [4.3, 38.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.672 [0.473, 0.965] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.