Issue
The species Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822) is considered as valid in Eschmeyer (CofF ver. May 2011: Ref. 86870) following Menon (1999: Ref. 41236). Please send references, or more studies are needed.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ / distribution range
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
; ນ້ຳຈືດ; ນ້ຳກ່ອຍ ກ່ຽວກັບ (ຢູ່)ເທິງຊັ້ນພື້ນດິນໃນທະເລເປີດ; ກຸ່ມຫຼືຊະນິດປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍພາຍໃນນ້ຳຈືດ (Ref. 51243); ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 5 - ? m (Ref. 4832). Tropical; 28°N - 7°N
Asia: native to large rivers in the Indian subcontinent (Ref. 12693). Has been so widely transported in connection to aquaculture that its natural distribution can no longer be determined (Ref. 33488).
ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 33488); common length : 40.0 cm TL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 6028); ນ້ຳໜັກສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍຈັດພີມມາ: 12.7 kg (Ref. 4832)
ຄີ (ໜາມ)ແຂງຢູ່ຫຼັງປາ (ທັງໝົດ) : 0; ຄີຫຼັງຂອງປາ (ຄີອ່ອນ) (ທັງໝົດ) : 12 - 15; ສັດທີ່ມີກະດູກສັນຫຼັງ: 39. Body plain greyish; 12-15 branched dorsal rays (Ref. 43281).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults inhabit fast flowing streams and rivers (Ref. 41236). Can tolerate high levels of salinity. Juveniles are omnivorous to about 5 cm TL, adults are almost entirely herbivorous. Feed on plankton, but also grazes on algae. Spawning occurs in marginal areas of the water body with a depth of 50-100 cm over a sand or clay substrate. A 6 kg female can lay a million eggs (of 1 mm diameter) (Ref. 6028). Widely cultured in India but fails to breed naturally in ponds, thus induced breeding is done. Fishery harvests 40 cm fish weighing 1000 g and of about 3 years. A very active fish that thrives in ponds but spawns in swift rivers. Fingerlings are in great demand for stocking ponds between July and November (Ref. 4832).
Life cycle and mating behavior
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ | ການສືບພັນ | ການວາງໄຂ່ | ໄຂ່ | ຄວາມດົກຂອງໄຂ່ປາ | ຕົວອ່ອນ
Roberts, T.R., 1997. Systematic revision of the tropical Asian labeon cyprinid fish genus Cirrhinus, with descriptions of new species and biological observations on C. lobatus. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 45:171-203. (Ref. 33488)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
ການປະມົງ: ທີ່ມີການຄ້າສູງ; ການລ້ຽງສັດນ້ຳ: ເປັນສີນຄ້າ; ຊະນິດປາທີ່ຖືກນຳໃຊ້ເຂົ້າໃນການຫາເພື່ອເປັນເກມກິລາ: ແມ່ນ
ເຄື່ອງມື
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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00713 - 0.01016), b=3.03 (2.98 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
69278): 2.4 ±0.17 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 13.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ
120179): ຂະໜາດກາງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 1.4 - 4.4 ປີ (K=0.12-0.29).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 178 [83, 324] mg/100g; Iron = 1.02 [0.51, 1.94] mg/100g; Protein = 17 [16, 18] %; Omega3 = 0.206 [0.101, 0.426] g/100g; Selenium = 152 [64, 361] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.1 [4.8, 27.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.745 [0.373, 1.266] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
