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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Gerreidae (Mojarras)
Etymology: Gerres: Latin, gerres = a kind of anchovies; cited by Plinius.
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / نطاق العمق / distribution range
البيئة
بحري; المياه العذبة; مياه مخلوطة القاع; مهاجرة بين الياه الملحه و الحلوة لكن ليس للتزاوج (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق 1 - 50 m (Ref. 4372). Tropical; 26°C - 29°C (Ref. 4959); 32°N - 35°S, 25°E - 171°E
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and Madagascar to Japan and Australia; New Caledonia (Ref. 26587) and Vanuatu (Ref. 13300). Enters rivers and lakes in Madagascar and the east coast of Africa. Not in the Middle East (Ref. 103159).
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm 19.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 39.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 116875); common length : 15.0 cm SL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 4967); العمر: 8 سنين (Ref. 116875)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 9; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 10 - 11; شوكة شرجية: 2 - 3; أشعه شرجية لينه: 7 - 8.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Adults are coastal inhabitants found on soft bottoms (Ref. 44894), over sandy substrate (Ref. 12693). Juveniles are found in brackish mangrove estuaries, sometimes enter fresh water (Ref. 2847, 44894), lakes (Ref. 4323), tidal creeks (Ref. 44894) and lower freshwater reaches of rivers (Ref. 12915). Feed on small crustaceans, polychaetes and forams on sand or muddy-sand bottoms (Ref. 12915), worms and insect larvae (Ref. 12693). Length at first reproduction was reported to be around 12 cm SL, for a population in a South African estuary (D. Woodland, pers.comm. 07/13). Salted or made into fish sauce.
Juveniles enter estuaries and mangrove areas at 1 cm SL and stay until they reach maturity, at which stage they move out to sea (Ref. 36558).
Woodland, D.J., 1984. Gerreidae. In W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area 51. Vol. 2. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3409)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): 24.8 - 29.1, mean 28.2 °C (based on 1220 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01230 (0.01001 - 0.01512), b=3.05 (3.01 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع
69278): 3.3 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
المرونه (مرجع
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.3-2.7; tmax=8;).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 140 [77, 253] mg/100g; Iron = 1 [1, 2] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [16.8, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.24 [0.13, 0.42] g/100g; Selenium = 47.4 [26.5, 88.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.7 [5.9, 46.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.42 [0.97, 1.98] mg/100g (wet weight);
