Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina revassocierade; djupintervall 0 - 100 m (Ref. 108738), usually 0 - 18 m (Ref. 7251). Subtropical; 37°N - 15°N
Western Atlantic: southern Chesapeake Bay south along the U.S., Bahamas, throughout the Gulf of Mexico except northwestern Cuba; in the Caribbean from southern Jamaica, and along Central and South America from Mexico to the Honduran Bay Islands, and Colombia to Brazil (Santa Catarina).
Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 7251)
Inhabits hard sand bottom from water's edge to 18 m depth, occasionally to 90 m.
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Oviparous (Ref. 101737). Females produce numerous eggs in multiple spawnings during a prolonged spawning period (Ref. 101737).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
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Harmless
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur (Ref.
123201): 23.4 - 28, mean 26.5 °C (based on 426 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00676 (0.00530 - 0.00863), b=3.14 (3.09 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
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Näringsämnen (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 58.1 [20.0, 145.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.723 [0.302, 1.400] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.0, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.141 [0.066, 0.293] g/100g; Selenium = 18.8 [8.4, 43.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28.9 [6.2, 147.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.805 [0.479, 1.268] mg/100g (wet weight);