Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; djupintervall 26 - 183 m (Ref. 2850), usually ? - 30 m (Ref. 2850). Subtropical; 37°N - 27°N, 123°W - 112°W
Eastern Pacific: Santa Cruz in central California, USA to Punta Abreojos, Baja California; including northern Gulf of California and Guadalupe Island in Mexico.
Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 43.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 4690); rapporterad maxålder: 21 år (Ref. 56049)
Kort beskrivning
Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri
Usually occurs in rocky areas of bays and along shore, especially in caves and crevices (Ref. 2850). Prefers depths less than 26 m (Ref. 121641). An excellent food fish (Ref. 2850). Venomous spines in the dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins (Ref 13513). Minimum depth range based on occurrence (Ref. 121641).
Livscykel och parningsbeteende
Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell; sportfisk: ja
Verktyg
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Önskad temperatur (Ref.
123201): 18.9 - 22.4, mean 20.8 °C (based on 10 cells).
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02042 (0.01210 - 0.03446), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.2 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 8.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (K=0.12-0.3; tmax = 21; tm = 2).
Prior r = 0.24, 95% CL = 0.16 - 0.35, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
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Näringsämnen (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 72 [37, 169] mg/100g; Iron = 1.01 [0.54, 2.09] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.1, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.538 [0.254, 1.425] g/100g; Selenium = 31.1 [15.6, 80.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.5 [5.8, 48.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.769 [0.543, 1.121] mg/100g (wet weight);