Environment: milieu / climate zone / djupintervall / distribution range
Ekologi
marina revassocierade; havsvandrande (Ref. 51243); djupintervall 1 - ? m (Ref. 9988). Temperate; 45°N - 25°N
Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Maine to northeastern Florida in USA and eastern Gulf of Mexico; reaches extreme southern Florida during cold winters.
Length at first maturity / Size / Vikt / Age
Könsmognad: Lm 19.1, range 11 - ? cm
Max length : 66.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 40637); common length : 30.0 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3708); publicerad maxvikt: 4.3 kg (Ref. 4699); rapporterad maxålder: 20 år (Ref. 34089)
Commonly found around rock jetties and on rocky bottoms in shallow water. Marketed fresh and eaten fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Human uses
Fiskeri: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja; Akvarium: Offentliga akvarier
Verktyg
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10.8 - 24.9, mean 23.6 °C (based on 244 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00968 - 0.01362), b=3.04 (2.99 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trofisk nivå (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Resiliens (Ref.
120179): Mellan, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 1,4-4,4 år (K=0.23-0.46; tmax=20).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.18 - 0.42, Based on 3 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 10.3 [5.8, 21.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.206 [0.105, 0.391] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [16.9, 20.6] %; Omega3 = 0.401 [0.220, 0.718] g/100g; Selenium = 9.98 [4.95, 22.14] μg/100g; VitaminA = 60 [17, 246] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.411 [0.270, 0.632] mg/100g (wet weight);
