Environment: milieu / climate zone / Mức độ sâu / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Biển Cùng sống ở rạn san hô; Mức độ sâu 3 - 70 m (Ref. 13121), usually 5 - 20 m (Ref. 13121). Tropical; 41°N - 29°S, 100°W - 28°W (Ref. 55200)
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA to Santa Catarina, Brazil (Ref. 57756), including the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Eastern Central Atlantic: St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121).
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Chín muồi sinh dục: Lm 12.4 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 16.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 9710)
Các tia vây lưng cứng (tổng cộng) : 12; Các vây lưng mềm (tổng cộng) : 19 - 21; Tia cứng vây hậu môn: 3; Tia mềm vây hậu môn: 16 - 17. With two broad black bars on side of body and a third bar basally in soft portion of dorsal fin which extends onto caudal peduncle; broad black submarginal bands in the median fins; pelvic fins black except for the spine (Ref. 13442).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: compressed.
Maximum depth from Ref. 126840. Inhabit coral reefs. Occur singly or in pairs. Feed on polychaete worms, coral polyps, crustaceans and mollusk eggs. Oviparous (Ref. 205), monogamous (Ref. 52884). Form pairs during breeding (Ref. 205). Adults may form plankton-feeding aggregations of up to 20 individuals, and occasionally clean other reef fishes which join the group, such as grunts, parrotfishes and surgeon fishes. (Ref: 40093). Generally common (Ref. 9710).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Chín muồi sinh dục | Sự tái sinh sản | Đẻ trứng | Các trứng | Sự sinh sản | Ấu trùng
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Monogamous mating is observed as both obligate and social (Ref. 52884).
Allen, G.R., 1985. Butterfly and angelfishes of the world. Vol. 2. 3rd edit. in English. Mergus Publishers, Melle, Germany. (Ref. 4858)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại; Bể nuôi cá: Tính thương mại
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Tài liệu tham khảo
123201): 25 - 28, mean 27.2 °C (based on 158 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Tài liệu tham khảo
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02239 (0.01431 - 0.03503), b=3.02 (2.89 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Mức dinh dưỡng (Tài liệu tham khảo
69278): 3.5 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Thích nghi nhanh (Tài liệu tham khảo
120179): Chiêù cao, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là dưới 15 tháng (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 101 [52, 160] mg/100g; Iron = 0.827 [0.486, 1.386] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.5, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.13 [0.08, 0.21] g/100g; Selenium = 35.6 [19.6, 67.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 50.6 [14.7, 171.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.36 [0.92, 1.97] mg/100g (wet weight);
