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Ophidiiformes (Cusk eels) >
Bythitidae (Livebearing brotulas)
Etymology: Grammonus: Greek, gramma = signal, mark + Greek, onos = hake.
Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied
Ecologie
marien rifbewoner; diepte 6 - 18 m (Ref. 36488). Subtropical
Eastern Pacific: San Clemente Island in south California, USA to Panama and the Galapagos Islands.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturiteit: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 20.3 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 4930)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 95 - 115; Anale stekels: 0; Anale zachte stralen: 75 - 91; Wervels: 60 - 63. Branchiostegal rays: 8 (Ref. 36488).
Uncommon species (Ref. 34024). Inhabits rocky areas of shallow waters (Ref. 2850). Hides in dark caverns and crevices during the day, active at night (Ref. 2850). Gives birth to live young (Ref. 28023).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Ovoviviparous (Ref. 36488).
Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins, 1999. Ophidiiform fishes of the world (Order Ophidiiformes). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of pearlfishes, cusk-eels, brotulas and other ophidiiform fishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(18):178p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 34024)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van geen belang
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Schattingen op basis van modellen
Gewenste temperatuur (Ref.
123201): 21.3 - 29.1, mean 26.7 °C (based on 204 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00479 (0.00192 - 0.01191), b=3.03 (2.81 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
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Voedingsstoffen (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 52.9 [24.3, 133.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.662 [0.352, 1.248] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [15, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.163 [0.086, 0.306] g/100g; Selenium = 12 [5, 30] μg/100g; VitaminA = 67.1 [20.4, 228.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.994 [0.611, 1.562] mg/100g (wet weight);