Environnement : milieu / zone climatique / profondeur / gamme de distribution
Écologie
marin démersal; océanodrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 0 - 1171 m (Ref. 56504). Temperate; 68°N - 12°N, 32°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Norway and Iceland to Senegal. Also in the Mediterranean and Black Sea.
Longueur à la première maturité / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturité: Lm 200.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 300 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 4453); common length : 100.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 4645); common length :150 cm TL (female); poids max. publié: 110.0 kg (Ref. 35388)
Description synthétique
Clés d'identification | Morphologie | Morphométrie
Found on rocky and sandy bottoms (Ref. 12382). Depth range from 0-500 m (Ref. 4453) and from 305-1171 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). It stays near the coast when young and moves toward deeper waters upon reaching adulthood (Ref. 5377). A nocturnal (Ref. 12382) predator of fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods (Ref. 6521). Like other species of the group, it reproduces only once in its life (Ref. 5377). Sexually mature at an age of 5-15 years. Spawn in summer in the Atlantic off Portugal and in the Mediterranean. Produces 3-8 million of eggs (Ref. 35388). Marketed fresh and frozen. Eaten fried and baked (Ref. 9988).
Eggs are deposited in the open sea, at depths between 2,000 and 3,000 m (Ref. 12382).
Smith, D.G., 1990. Congridae. p. 156-167. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. (Ref. 4453)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Menace pour l'homme
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30911)
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: commercial; pêche sportive: oui; Aquarium: Aquariums publics
Outils
Articles particuliers
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Sources Internet
Estimations basées sur des modèles
Température préférée (Réf.
123201): 4.4 - 14.4, mean 8.7 °C (based on 480 cells).
Indice de diversité phylogénétique (Réf.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00042 (0.00033 - 0.00052), b=3.28 (3.22 - 3.34), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Niveau trophique (Réf.
69278): 4.3 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 17.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Résilience (Réf.
120179): Faible, temps minimum de doublement de population : 4,5 à 14 années (K=0.06; tm=5-15 (female tm>10); Fec=3,000,000).
Prior r = 0.35, 95% CL = 0.23 - 0.53, Based on 7 data-limited stock assessments.
Vulnérabilité de la pêche (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (86 of 100).
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Vulnérabilité climatique (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
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Nutriments (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 10.9 [6.6, 19.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.259 [0.148, 0.441] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [15.3, 21.1] %; Omega3 = 0.482 [0.219, 1.328] g/100g; Selenium = 39.3 [20.9, 74.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.33 [2.17, 33.01] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.278 [0.200, 0.398] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.