分類 / 名稱
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies)
鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids)
慈鯛科魚類 (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
More on author: Günther.
環境: 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性. 熱帶; 22°C - 26°C (Ref. 2059); 36°N - 12°S, 18°W - 16°E
Africa: coastal basins, fresh waters, brackish and marine waters from Moulay Bousselham (Canal de Nador), Morocco to mouth of the Cuanza River (Angola) (Ref. 81260), sometimes ascending far up rivers.
非洲: 沿岸水域, 從塞內加爾河口到 Cuanza 河 (安哥拉)口.
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 13.5, range 10 - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 31256)
背棘 (總數) : 14 - 16; 背的軟條 (總數) : 12 - 13; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 10. Diagnosis: upper profile of head strongly convex; lower pharyngeal bone about as long as broad, and with anterior lamella shorter than toothed area (Ref. 53405). 10 or fewer rakers on lower limb of first arch; unpaired fins not predominantly red-brown; mouth terminal; 29-30 scales on lateral line; outer row teeth robust (Ref. 81260). Dorsal fin with 14-16 spines and 12-13 soft rays (total rays 27-29) (Ref. 53405, 81260). Anal fin with 3 spines and 8-10 soft rays; caudal fin weakly covered with scales at base or entirely membranous (Ref. 81260). Caudal without spots, grey on upper lobe, yellow on lower; large vertical stripes weakly pronounced on flanks; flank scales with a blackish mark at base (Ref. 53405, 81260). No bifurcated dark vertical bars on flanks; dorsal and anal without orange-red upper margin (Ref. 53405). Length of caudal peduncle 10.5-12.9% of standard length (Ref. 81260).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Very tolerant of elevated salinities, found in pure seawater, even reproduction in these highly saline environments is possible (Ref. 52307). Feeds on shrimps, bivalves, plankton (Ref. 28587), detritus (Ref. 28587, 52307), higher plants, algae, aufwuchs and small crustaceans (Ref. 52307). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Very prolific, spawning up to every 3 weeks (Ref. 52307). Pair bonding, open (Ref. 52307) substrate brooder/spawner (Ref. 52307, 81260) with both parents guarding the brood (Ref. 52307).
吃蝦,二枚貝,浮游生物與碎屑。 (參考文獻 28587) 卵生的.(參考文獻 205)
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous (Ref. 205). Subtrate guarding of eggs as a form of parental care is done by both male and female (Ref. 50828).非洲: 沿岸水域, 從塞內加爾河口到 Cuanza 河 (安哥拉)口.
Dunz, A.R. and U.K. Schliewen, 2013. Molecular phylogeny and revised classification of the haplotilapiine cichlid fishes formerly referred to as "Tilapia". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 68(1):64-80. (Ref. 93285)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 21 April 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性
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基於模型的估計
首選溫度 (參考文獻
123201): 25.5 - 28, mean 27.4 °C (based on 152 cells).
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.01258 - 0.01738), b=2.98 (2.94 - 3.02), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 2.8 ±0.33 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 0.8 (0.5 - 1.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10
growth studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=0.47; Fec < 1,000).
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (19 of 100).
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