分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Osteoglossiformes (Bony tongues)
骨舌魚目 (Bony tongues) >
Arapaimidae (Bonytongues)
巨鯡科 (Bonytongues)
Etymology: Arapaima: From tupí-guaraní, arapaima (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / 深度上下限 / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 居於水底的; pH range: 6.0 - 6.5; dH range: 10 - ?. 熱帶; 25°C - 29°C (Ref. 2060); 5°N - 11°S
South America: Amazon River basin. The active fishing of this fish has reduced both the population size, and occurrence of large individuals, especially around the populated regions of the Amazon (Ref. 50891).
南美洲: 亞馬遜河流域。 國際間的買賣限制。 ( 引用2, 自從 1.7.75 以後) 這一個魚的活躍釣魚已經縮小的兩者族群大小, 與大個體的發生尤其在亞馬遜河的人口稠密區域周圍.(參考文獻 50891)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 149.5, range 145 - 154 cm
Max length : 450 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6398); common length : 200 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 557); 最大體重: 200.0 kg (Ref. 557)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
Obligate air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Often referred to as the largest freshwater fish. Builds a nest of about 15 cm depth and 50 cm width in sandy bottoms. Spawns in April and May and guards the eggs and the young. Obligate air breather. The fish rises to the surface of the water and inspires air in a noisy, distinctive gulp, which is reported to carry for long distances (Ref. 50891). Migrates into higher floodplain habitats with rising water and moves back eventually to lacustrine habitats during low water level (Ref. 116898). Threatened due to over harvesting (Ref. 58490).
時常被歸屬於最大的淡水魚。 在砂質底部中建立一個大約 15 公分深與 50個公分寬的巢。 產卵在四月與五月而且保衛卵與幼魚。 使負義務呼吸空氣的魚類。 魚水上升到水面而且在吵雜又特殊的位元組群中激發空氣, 是報告長距離運送.(參考文獻 50891) 受威脅的捕穫之上由於.(參考文獻 58490)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
南美洲: 亞馬遜河流域。 國際間的買賣限制。 ( 引用2, 自從 1.7.75 以後) 這一個魚的活躍釣魚已經縮小的兩者族群大小, 與大個體的發生尤其在亞馬遜河的人口稠密區域周圍.(參考文獻 50891)
Ferraris, C.J. Jr., 2003. Arapaimatidae (Bonytongues). p. 31. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 50891)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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特別的報告
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (參考文獻
82804): PD
50 = 0.5469 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00594 - 0.02026), b=2.94 (2.77 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (參考文獻
69278): 4.5 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 11.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (參考文獻
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (tm=4-6; Fec=47,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (54 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 29.9 [16.6, 81.3] mg/100g; Iron = 1.02 [0.53, 2.23] mg/100g; Protein = 16 [14, 18] %; Omega3 = 0.387 [0.140, 1.140] g/100g; Selenium = 140 [45, 346] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.6 [3.9, 64.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.648 [0.415, 1.065] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
