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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री प्रवाल-भित्ति संयुक्त; गहराई सीमा 10 - 400 m (Ref. 9626), usually 21 - 70 m (Ref. 9626). Subtropical; 38°N - 38°S, 98°W - 31°W (Ref. 55253)
Western Atlantic: Bermuda (Anderson, pers. comm.) and North Carolina, USA to southeastern Brazil, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea (Ref. 9626). Most abundant around the Antilles, on the Campeche Bank, off Panama and the northern coast of South America. Lutjanus ambiguus (Poey, 1860), an intergeneric hybrid with Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch) as demonstrated by Loftus (1992: Ref. 33006), followed by McEachran &. Fechhelm (2005: Ref. 78464).
Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm 23.4, range 16 - 21.5 cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 40637); common length : 25.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 55); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 3.5 kg (Ref. 40637); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 10 वर्षो (Ref. 3090)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 10; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 12 - 13; गुदा कांटा: 3; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 8 - 9. Preopercular notch and knob weak. Pectoral fins short, not reaching level of anus. Scale rows on back rising obliquely above lateral line. Back and upper side pink to reddish, with a green tinge and diffused darker vertical bars. The lower sides and belly silvery with a yellow tinge. A series of 8 - 10 horizontal yellow or golden stripes on sides. A diffused black spot mainly above the lateral line and below the anterior portion of the soft dorsal-fin rays.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Adults are found over all types of bottom, but mainly around coral reefs and on vegetated sandy areas. In turbid as well as clear water (Ref. 9710). They often form large aggregations, especially during the breeding season. Feed at night on small fishes, bottom-living crabs, shrimps, worms, gastropods and cephalopods. Good food fish, it is marketed fresh.
Often form large aggregations, especially during the breeding season.
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक; आखेट मत्स्य: हां; जलजीवालय: सार्वजनिक लजीवालय
साधन
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (संदर्भ
123201): 19.7 - 27.5, mean 24.7 °C (based on 260 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (संदर्भ
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.01359 - 0.01685), b=2.96 (2.94 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (संदर्भ
69278): 3.8 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.0 (4.3 - 5.5) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 26
growth studies.
लौटाव (संदर्भ
120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (K=0.13-0.26; tm=2; tmax=10).
Prior r = 0.87, 95% CL = 0.57 - 1.30, Based on 6 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (74 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 18.2 [9.6, 27.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.312 [0.183, 0.527] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.6, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.23 [0.14, 0.37] g/100g; Selenium = 43.6 [23.5, 75.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 70.1 [12.9, 318.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.272 [0.198, 0.406] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
