Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet
Ökologie
seewasser; süßwasser; brackwasser pelagic-neritic; anadrom (Ref. 51243); tiefenbereich 6 - 55 m (Ref. 12260). Tropical; 25°N - 30°S, 31°E - 155°E (Ref. 54703)
Indo-West Pacific: Indian Ocean: east coast of Africa northward from about Durban (Ref. 3509) to the Gulf of Oman (Ref. 188), including Madagascar (Ref. 188, 3509), the coasts of India and Andaman Sea (Ref. 188, 6867), and south to western Australia (Ref. 188); also South China Sea (Ref. 188), and Indonesia to northern Australia and Papua New Guinea (Ref. 188, 6867).
Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm 13.5  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 16.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 188); common length : 13.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 2871)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 16 - 19; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 34 - 42. Diagnosis: Body moderately deep, compressed, belly with strongly keeled scutes, 17-20 pre-pelvic and 8-10 post-pelvic scutes, with a total of total 25-29 scutes (Ref. 188, 6867). Eye large; lower jaw projecting; upper jaw with a toothed hypomaxillary bone between hind tip of pre-maxilla and lower bulge of maxilla blade; lower gillrakers 22-27; dorsal fin origin near midpoint of body; pelvic fins present; anal fin with 34-42 finrays; scales with upper and lower vertical striae slightly overlapping each other at centre of scales (Ref. 188). It closely resembles Pellona dayi, which has only 20-21 lower gillrakers and the vertical scale striae not meeting at centre of scale; species of Ilisha have no hypomaxilla; other pristigasterids are much more slender and lack pelvic fins (Ref. 188).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
A pelagic species found in coastal areas (Ref. 2871, 6867) at depths from 6 to 36 meters (Ref. 3225); occasionally entering mangrove swamps and penetrating estuaries into freshwater (Ref. 188, 3509, 54703). Apparently fully euryhaline (Ref. 188). Marketed fresh and may be dried or salted (Ref. 5284). Regarded as an excellent bait in the tuna fishery.
Lebenszyklus und Paarungsverhalten
Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fruchtbarkeit | Larven
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: kommerziell; Köder: usually
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Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
Bevorzugte Temperatur (Ref.
123201): 26.4 - 29.1, mean 28.3 °C (based on 884 cells).
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00692 (0.00437 - 0.01096), b=3.10 (2.97 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophische Ebene (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): hoch, Verdopplung der Population dauert weniger als 15 Monate. (K=0.28-0.74).
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).
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Klimaanfälligkeit (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
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Nährstoffe (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 251 [131, 510] mg/100g; Iron = 1.98 [1.19, 3.22] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.7, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.45 [0.23, 0.83] g/100g; Selenium = 36.6 [18.5, 72.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 37.3 [15.0, 89.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.81 [1.25, 2.52] mg/100g (wet weight);