Alosa caspia, Caspian shad : fisheries

Alosa caspia (Eichwald, 1838)

Caspian shad
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Alosa caspia   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Alosa caspia (Caspian shad)
Alosa caspia
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> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Alosidae (Shads and Sardines)
Etymology: Alosa: Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).

Milieu: milieu / Klimaatzone / Diepte / verspreidingsgebied Ecologie

marien; zoet water; brak water pelagic-neritic; anadroom (Ref. 138126). Temperate; 48°N - 37°N, 27°E - 54°E

Verspreiding Gebieden | FAO regio's | Ecosystemen | Voorkomen | Verspreidingskaart | Introducties | Faunafri

Eurasia: Black Sea, Sea of Azov and Caspian Sea.

Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturiteit: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 32.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 593); common length : 20.0 cm SL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 188); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 250.00 g (Ref. 593); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 7 Jaren (Ref. 10549)

Korte beschrijving Determinatiesleutels | Morfologie | Morfometrie

Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 0; Anale stekels: 0. Body `shad-like', usually rather deep and compressed. Total gill rakers 50 to 180, long and thin, distinctly longer than filaments. Teeth poorly developed in jaws, sometimes barely detectable. A black spot posterior to gill opening and occasionally further black spots on flank in some cases.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

Schooling and migratory (Ref. 188); at sea, pelagic in coastal waters with steady current and avoids areas with stable salinity; migrates from sea to mouth of large rives and spawns in fresh- or slightly brackish-water at shallow sites washed by flow of large rivers. Males migrate upriver at 2-3 years, females at 4-5; many individuals reproduce 2-4 seasons. Two migration peaks, one in late April (mostly males), one in early May (mostly females), entering rivers when temperature rises above 10°C. Spawns when temperature is at least 15°C, in May to June. Spawning usually occurs in the upper 3 m. Eggs semi-pelagic and demersal. Spent fish migrate back to the sea; juveniles migrate to sea during first summer, remaining there until they mature. Feeds mainly on zooplankton (copepods and mysids) when at sea (Ref. 59043). Depending on the subspecies (10 subspecies known), some are semi-anadromous and spawn in fresh or slightly saline waters, mainly in the lower reaches, whereas others are practically marine and spawn in brackish or even fully saline oceanic waters. One of the most warm-loving Alosa of the Caspian. Only A. a. caspia of the Caspian Sea is of commercial importance (Ref. 188).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven

Depending on the subspecies some are semi-anadromous and spawn in fresh or slightly saline waters, mainly in the lower reaches, whereas others are practically marine and spawn in brackish or even fully saline oceanic waters (Ref.188).There are two migration peaks, one in late April (mostly males) and one in early May (mostly females). Spent fish migrate back to sea. Juveniles migrate to sea during first summer, remaining at sea until they mature (Ref. 59043).

Hoofdreferentie Upload uw referenties | Referenties | Coördinator | Medewerkers

Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Niet bedreigd (LC) ; Date assessed: 28 June 2022

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

  Harmless





Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: van groot commercieel belang
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Schattingen op basis van modellen

Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00692 (0.00574 - 0.00834), b=3.09 (3.05 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278):  3.5   ±0.46 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179):  Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (tmax=7).
Kwetsbaarheid van de visserij (Ref. 59153):  Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100). 🛈
Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766):   Low.
Voedingsstoffen (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 16.7 [7.1, 87.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.673 [0.290, 1.421] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [16.5, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 1.43 [0.76, 2.77] g/100g; Selenium = 10.4 [5.1, 20.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 29.1 [7.3, 113.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.372 [0.231, 0.630] mg/100g (wet weight);