Environment: milieu / climate zone / kisaran kedalaman / distribution range
Ekologi
laut dasar (demersal). Temperate
Southwest Pacific: occurs only around New Zealand.
Size / Weight / umur
Kematangan: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9988); common length : 35.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 9258); Berat maksimum terpublikasi: 1.5 kg (Ref. 9988); Umur maksimum dilaporkan: 16 Tahun (Ref. 47622)
Inhabits shallow waters, generally at depth of less than 50 m. Juveniles gather in sheltered inshore waters, such as estuarine areas, shallow mudflats and sandflats, where they remain for up to two years (Ref. 9072). Utilized fresh or frozen for broiling, frying and baking (Ref. 9988).
Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989. New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. 279 p. (Ref. 5755)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; Ikan buruan: ya
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Acuan
123201): 11.5 - 19.4, mean 17.5 °C (based on 32 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Acuan
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01820 (0.00790 - 0.04194), b=2.97 (2.76 - 3.18), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Acuan
69278): 3.1 ±0.3 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 3.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Acuan
120179): Rendah, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 4.5 - 14 tahun (K=0.3-0.4; tmax=16;).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
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