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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts) > Haemulinae
Etymology: Haemulon: Greek, haimaleos = bloody (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Charles Plumier (1646–1704) was a Franciscan monk, botanist and naturalist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / rango de profundidad / distribution range
Ecología
marino asociado a arrecife; rango de profundidad 3 - 40 m (Ref. 9626). Subtropical; 39°N - 23°S, 99°W - 30°W
Western Atlantic: Chesapeake Bay, through the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean southward to Brazil. Including Antilles (Ref. 26938).
Length at first maturity / Tamaño / Peso / Age
Madurez: Lm 18.3, range 11 - 23.23 cm
Max length : 53.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 40637); common length : 30.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 3798); peso máximo publicado: 4.4 kg (Ref. 4699); edad máxima reportada: 13 años (Ref. 3205)
Espinas dorsales (total) : 12; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 17; Espinas anales: 3; Radios blandos anales: 9. Side of head has narrow blue stripes; scales above lateral line much larger than those below (Ref. 26938). Scale rows just below lateral line oblique; color variable but usually light yellowish (Ref. 13442).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Found in dense aggregations during the day on patch reefs, around coral formations, or on sandy bottoms (Ref. 9710). Juveniles common in Thalassia testudinum beds (Ref. 5217). Feeds on crustaceans, small mollusks, and small fishes. Frequently exhibits a territorial 'kissing' display in which two contenders push each other on the lips with their mouths wide open (Ref. 9710). Marketed fresh. Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35420).
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
Courtenay, W.R. and H.F. Sahlman, 1978. Pomadasyidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31), Volume 4. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3798)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
Threat to humans
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)
Human uses
Pesquerías: escaso valor comercial; pesca deportiva: si; Acuario: Acuarios públicos
Herramientas
Special reports
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Fuentes de Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Referencia
123201): 23.4 - 28, mean 25.9 °C (based on 342 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Referencia
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.01172 - 0.01703), b=2.99 (2.95 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Referencia
69278): 3.8 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.5 (3.1 - 7.0) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11
growth studies.
Resiliencia (Referencia
120179): Bajo, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 4.5-14 años (K=0.11-0.4; tm=2; tmax=13; Fec=64,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 18.3 [6.7, 44.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.473 [0.231, 0.908] mg/100g; Protein = 20 [18, 22] %; Omega3 = 0.187 [0.092, 0.339] g/100g; Selenium = 14.4 [6.7, 29.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 57.2 [19.6, 171.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.754 [0.474, 1.170] mg/100g (wet weight);
