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Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Rastrelliger: Latin, rastra = rake + Latin, gero = to carry.
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / نطاق العمق / distribution range
البيئة
بحري pelagic-neritic; محيطية (Ref. 51243); نطاق العمق 20 - 90 m (Ref. 12260). Tropical; 17°C - ? (Ref. 54861); 38°N - 36°S, 20°E - 180°E (Ref. 54861)
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Indonesia, north to the Ryukyu Islands and China, south to Australia, Melanesia and Samoa. Entered the eastern Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
النضج: Lm 21.0, range 17 - 24.5 cm
Max length : 36.0 cm ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 111654); 42.1 cm TL (female); common length : 25.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 30573); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 0.00 g; العمر: 4 سنين (Ref. 168)
الأشواك الظهرية (المجموع) : 8 - 11; الأشعة الظهرية الناعمة (المجموع) : 12; شوكة شرجية: 0; أشعه شرجية لينه: 12. Head longer than body depth. Maxilla partly concealed, covered by lachrymal bone but extending to about hind margin of eye. Bristles on longest gill raker 105 on one side in specimens of 12.7 cm, 140 in 16 cm, and 160 in 19 cm fork length specimens. A black spot on body near lower margin of pectoral fin. Interpelvic process small and single. Swim bladder present. Anal spine rudimentary.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: oval.
Adults occur in coastal bays, harbors and deep lagoons, usually in some turbid plankton-rich waters. Form schools. Feed on phytoplankton (diatoms) and small zooplankton (cladocerans, ostracods, larval polychaetes, etc.) (Ref. 9684). Small groups were seen eating eggs of Cheilio inermis straight after spawning (Ref. 48637). Adult individuals feed on macroplankton such as larval shrimps and fish. Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Generally marketed fresh, frozen, canned, dried-salted, and smoked; also made into fish sauce (Ref. 9684).
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: ذو قيمة تاجرية عالية; لعبة سمكه: نعم; طعم: occasionally
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (مرجع
123201): 23.7 - 28.3, mean 27.3 °C (based on 491 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (مرجع
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00769 - 0.00987), b=3.07 (3.04 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (مرجع
69278): 3.3 ±0.38 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.1 (0.9 - 1.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 81
growth studies.
المرونه (مرجع
120179): وسيط, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 1.4-4.4 سنة (K=0.2-1.9; tm=0.5-1; tmax=4; Fec = 37,690).
Prior r = 0.62, 95% CL = 0.41 - 0.93, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (17 of 100).
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Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
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Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 200 [75, 539] mg/100g; Iron = 3.28 [1.58, 6.56] mg/100g; Protein = 20.6 [19.4, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.32 [0.15, 0.67] g/100g; Selenium = 47.6 [16.2, 153.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 22.8 [6.0, 89.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.24 [0.67, 3.18] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
