Stolephorus insularis  Hardenberg, 1933

Hardenberg's anchovy
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Stolephorus insularis   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Stolephorus insularis (Hardenberg\
Stolephorus insularis
Picture by Shao, K.T.

Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Engraulidae (Anchovies) > Engraulinae
Etymology: Stolephorus: Greek, stole, -es = garment + Greek, pherein = to carry (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Marine; brackish; reef-associated; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 0 - 50 m (Ref. 189).   Tropical; 28°N - 9°S, 42°E - 123°E (Ref. 189)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: northern part of the Indian Ocean (Gulf of Aden, not Red Sea or the Persian Gulf, eastward to Burma) and western Pacific (Gulf of Thailand, Java Sea, also Hong Kong, Fujian and Taiwan Island; if correctly identified, then reaches to Fiji and Samoa) (Ref. 189). Mediterranean: Tel Aviv, Israel (Ref. 96660).

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?, range 6 - ? cm
Max length : 8.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 1602)

Short description Morphology | Morphometrics

Dorsal spines (total): 0; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 14 - 17. Belly with 4 to 8 small needle-like scutes; a small pre-dorsal spine in some specimens. Maxilla tip pointed, reaching to or beyond hind border of pre-operculum, the latter concave, indented near maxilla tip. Fine teeth on upper edge of hyoid bones. A double pigment line on back behind dorsal fin; tail deep yellow (at least in Indian specimens).

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Coastal pelagic (Ref. 68964). A schooling species occurring in coastal waters. More data needed based on correct identifications. The record from the Godavari estuary implies tolerance of lowered salinities, but the identity of the material is uncertain (perhaps S. waitei). Appears to be fairly common throughout its range. Used as bait in the tuna fishery in the South Pacific, although rather fragile.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)

  Not Evaluated 

CITES (Ref. 115941)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless




Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; bait: usually
FAO(Publication : search) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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Internet sources

Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | Faunafri | Fishtrace | GenBank(genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | National databases | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | SeaLifeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia(Go, Search) | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record

Estimates of some properties based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 25 - 29.2, mean 28.5 (based on 816 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00213 - 0.00709), b=3.15 (2.99 - 3.31), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Trophic Level (Ref. 69278):  3.2   ±0.4 se; Based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Resilience (Ref. 69278):  High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=1.61-20.8).
Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (10 of 100) .
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Low.