Common names from other countries
分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Salmoniformes (Salmons)
鮭形目 (Salmons) >
Salmonidae (Salmonids)
鮭科 (Salmonids) > Coregoninae
Etymology: Coregonus: Greek, kore = pupils of the eye + Greek, gonia = angle (Ref. 45335); clupeaformis: clupeaformis meaning herring-shaped (Ref. 1998).
More on author: Mitchill.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 溯河洄游 (Ref. 120291); 深度上下限 8 - 128 m (Ref. 3849). 溫帶; 8°C - 14°C (Ref. 1998); 72°N - 41°N, 149°W - 61°W (Ref. 86798)
North America: Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific basins throughout most of Canada south into New England, the Great Lakes basin, and central Minnesota, USA; Copper and Susitna river drainages in Alaska. Introduced in northwestern USA (Ref. 86798). This species was stocked into high Andean lakes in two countries in southern Latin America (Ref. 1739). Probably conspecific with Coregonus lavaretus (Ref. 7506). Belongs to Coregonus clupeaformis complex (Ref. 27547).
北美洲: 在阿拉斯加州與大部分的加拿大各處向南進入新英格蘭，五大湖流域與明尼蘇達州中部。 這種在南方的拉丁美洲中的二個國家中被進入高的安第斯山脈的湖之內進貨。 (參考文獻 1739) 可能同種 Coregonus lavaretus.(參考文獻 7506) 屬於 Coregonus clupeaformis 複合體。 (參考文獻 27547)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9988); common length : 54.1 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大體重: 19.0 kg (Ref. 28850); 最大年齡: 50 年 (Ref. 3494)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 11-13; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 14; 脊椎骨: 55 - 64. Adipose fin well developed, often larger in males; axillary process present in pelvic fins (Ref. 27547). Dark brown to midnight blue above fading to silver on sides and wide beneath; no parr marks in young (Ref. 27547).
脂鰭發展良好的, 時常比較大的在雄性中; 腋窩的突起出現在腹鰭。 (參考文獻 27547) 深褐色的對褪成的暗藍色上方在側邊上銀色的與寬的之下; 當幼魚時的沒有幼鮭橫帶.(參考文獻 27547)
Inhabits large lakes and large rivers and enters brackish water (Ref. 86798). Primarily a lake dweller (Ref. 27547). Nerito-pelagic (Ref. 58426). Appears to be rather sedentary, at least in the Great Lakes (Ref. 27547). Movement in large lakes generally consists of 4 stages: movement from deep to shallow water in the spring; movement back to deep water in the summer as the shoal water warms; migration to shallow-water spawning areas in the fall and early winter; and post-spawning movement back to deeper water (Ref. 27547). Forms separate populations in large lakes (Ref. 27547). Adults feed mainly on aquatic insect larvae, mollusks and amphipods (Ref. 1091, 3849); also other fishes and fish eggs, including their own (Ref. 1998). Extensive hatchery programs for the propagation have been carried out on the Great Lakes and other areas for years (Ref. 3746, 3849). Valued for its meat as well as for its roe, which is made into an excellent caviar; utilized fresh, smoked, and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9988).
主要地一個湖上生活者.(參考文獻 27547) 也發現於大河而且進入半淡鹹水。 (參考文獻 5723) 沿海-大洋性.(參考文獻 58426) 似乎相當定棲, 至少在五大湖.(參考文獻 27547) 運動較大時，湖通常由 4個階段組成: 運動從在春天深地到淺水區; 當淺的水溫暖的時候，運動游回深水域夏天時; 迴游到淺水的產卵區在秋天與初冬; 而且後產卵運動游回較深的水域.(參考文獻 27547) 較大時形成分開的族群湖。 (參考文獻 27547) 成魚主要捕食水生的昆蟲幼生，軟體動物與片腳類動物 (參考文獻 1091,3849), 也其他的魚與魚卵, 包括他們自己的.(參考文獻 1998) 廣泛的孵卵所規劃，因為增殖曾經在五大湖與其他的區域上成功完成長達數年之久.(參考文獻 3746,3849) 重要的是它的肉.以及對於它的魚白, 是製成一個優良的魚子醬; 生鮮利用,煙燻., 與冷凍; 清蒸,油炸,火烤, 煮沸, 微波., 而且燒烤..(參考文獻 9988)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawning occurs at night (Ref. 10242, 10344, 28849). A female and one or more males rise to the surface, release eggs and milt and descend separately toward the bottom (Ref. 27547). Spawning fish are very active and may leap completely out of the water (Ref. 1998). Breeds annually in the southern parts of the range, but only every other year or even every third year in the arctic and sub-arctic regions (Ref. 3757).北美洲: 在阿拉斯加州與大部分的加拿大各處向南進入新英格蘭，五大湖流域與明尼蘇達州中部。 這種在南方的拉丁美洲中的二個國家中被進入高的安第斯山脈的湖之內進貨。 (參考文獻 1739) 可能同種 Coregonus lavaretus.(參考文獻 7506) 屬於 Coregonus clupeaformis 複合體。 (參考文獻 27547)
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 2011. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 663p. (Ref. 86798)
CITES (Ref. 128078)
Not Evaluated
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 水族館: 公眾的水族館
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00550 (0.00475 - 0.00636), b=3.23 (3.19 - 3.27), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.06-0.19; tmax=50).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
